Bacterial pneumonia epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S

Overview

Pneumonia is a condition seen in a vast majority of regions, but pneumonia related deaths have been disproportionately higher in low and middle income nations, including the sub-Saharan African and South Asian regions.^[1]
Pneumonia case rates are primarily affected by factors relating to seasonal variations. Studies show that a majority of Streptococcus pneumoniae cases were most prevalent during the winter, whereas far fewer cases presented in the summertime in comparison. Specifications regarding geography are of considerable importance in regards to fungal pneumonia.^[2]

Approximately 5 million people are affected every year in the United States alone, with outpatients making up the majority at 80% but having a low mortality rate of 1%. Up to half of the patients that are admitted into hospitals succumb to the disease.^[3]
Worldwide, the incidence of community acquired pneumonia averages 1.5-14 cases per every 1000 individuals.^[2]
The incidence in the United States is approximately 25 cases per 10,000 adults.^[2]
The CDC estimates that Streptococcus pneumoniae alone is responsible for nearly 150,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually.^[4]