Asperger syndrome other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Neuroimaging is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS). However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients.<ref name="pmid18563474">{{cite journal| author=Woodbury-Smith MR, Volkmar FR| title=Asperger syndrome. | journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry | year= 2009 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-11 | pmid=18563474 | doi=10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18563474 }} </ref> | Neuroimaging is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS). However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients.<ref name="pmid18563474">{{cite journal| author=Woodbury-Smith MR, Volkmar FR| title=Asperger syndrome. | journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry | year= 2009 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-11 | pmid=18563474 | doi=10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18563474 }} </ref> | ||
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== Neuropsychological Studies == | == Neuropsychological Studies == | ||
Neuropsychological studies have suggested that patients with AS may have the following problems:<ref name="pmid18563474" /> | Neuropsychological studies have suggested that patients with AS may have the following problems:<ref name="pmid18563474" /> | ||
* Difficulty in passing’ theory of mind tasks | * Difficulty in passing’ theory of mind tasks | ||
* Executive dysfunction | * Executive dysfunction | ||
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Overview
Neuroimaging is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS). However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients.[1]
Neuropsychological studies have suggested that patients with AS may have the following problems: difficulty in passing’ theory of mind tasks, executive dysfunction, tendency to interpret visual stimuli in parts rather than wholes (poor central coherence)[1] and nonverbal learning disability[2].
Neuropsychological Studies
Neuropsychological studies have suggested that patients with AS may have the following problems:[1]
- Difficulty in passing’ theory of mind tasks
- Executive dysfunction
- Tendency to interpret visual stimuli in parts rather than wholes (poor central coherence)
- There are studies that suggest in patients with AS there is a Verbal IQ (VIQ) > Poor Performance IQ (PIQ) profile which shows strength on verbal skills relative to visuospatial skills and non-verbal problem solving (nonverbal learning disability)[2]
Neuroimaging Studies
- Neuroimaging.is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS).
- However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients which include:[1]
- Abnormal activation in the inferior temporal sulcus.[3][4]
- Abnormal dysactivation of the frontal lobe while performing neuropsychological tests.[5][6][7][8]
- Abnormal functional integration of the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus.[9]
- Abnormal structures in the inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex and rostral fusiform gyrus.[10]
- Missing tissue area in each hemisphere at the part where the middle frontal gyrus and the precentral sulcus intersect.[11]
- Lesion in the right middle temporal gyrus white matter.[12]
Megalencephaly/ extreme male brain’ phenotype. [6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Woodbury-Smith MR, Volkmar FR (2009). "Asperger syndrome". Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 18 (1): 2–11. doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0. PMID 18563474.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lincoln, Alan; Courchesne, Eric; Allen, Mark; Hanson, Ellen; Ene, Michaela (1998). "Neurobiology of Asperger Syndrome": 145–163. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5369-4_8.
- ↑ Schultz RT, Gauthier I, Klin A, Fulbright RK, Anderson AW, Volkmar F; et al. (2000). "Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 57 (4): 331–40. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331. PMID 10768694.
- ↑ Schultz RT, Grelotti DJ, Klin A, Kleinman J, Van der Gaag C, Marois R; et al. (2003). "The role of the fusiform face area in social cognition: implications for the pathobiology of autism". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 358 (1430): 415–27. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1208. PMC 1693125. PMID 12639338.
- ↑ Fletcher PC, Happé F, Frith U, Baker SC, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS; et al. (1995). "Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of "theory of mind" in story comprehension". Cognition. 57 (2): 109–28. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-r. PMID 8556839.
- ↑ Happé F, Ehlers S, Fletcher P, Frith U, Johansson M, Gillberg C; et al. (1996). "'Theory of mind' in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome". Neuroreport. 8 (1): 197–201. doi:10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040. PMID 9051780.
- ↑ Mundy P (2003). "Annotation: the neural basis of social impairments in autism: the role of the dorsal medial-frontal cortex and anterior cingulate system". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 44 (6): 793–809. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00165. PMID 12959489.
- ↑ Ring HA, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Williams SC, Brammer M, Andrew C; et al. (1999). "Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: a functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance". Brain. 122 ( Pt 7): 1305–15. doi:10.1093/brain/122.7.1305. PMID 10388796.
- ↑ Welchew DE, Ashwin C, Berkouk K, Salvador R, Suckling J, Baron-Cohen S; et al. (2005). "Functional disconnectivity of the medial temporal lobe in Asperger's syndrome". Biol Psychiatry. 57 (9): 991–8. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.028. PMID 15860339.
- ↑ Kwon H, Ow AW, Pedatella KE, Lotspeich LJ, Reiss AL (2004). "Voxel-based morphometry elucidates structural neuroanatomy of high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome". Dev Med Child Neurol. 46 (11): 760–4. doi:10.1017/s0012162204001306. PMID 15540637.
- ↑ Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz R, Bronen R, Marans WD, Sparrow S; et al. (1996). "Asperger's syndrome". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 35 (1): 118–23. doi:10.1097/00004583-199601000-00020. PMID 8567603.
- ↑ Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz RT, Rubin E, Bronen R (2000). "Asperger's disorder". Am J Psychiatry. 157 (2): 262–7. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.262. PMID 10671397.