Asperger syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
It is believed that 20% of Asperger Syndrome patients 'grow out’ of their disorder and and do not meet the diagnostic criteria as adults, whereas many other patients improve.[1] Diagnosis of AS is often delayed and sometimes done in adulthood.[2] Social impairment is lifelong.[3] Early diagnosis and intervention in patients with AS may improve adaptation and adjustment of the child.[2] Asperger Syndrome (AS) is associated with several conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (most common in pediatric patients)[4], depression (most common in adolescent and adult patients)[4][5] and anxiety disorders[5].
Natural History and Prognosis
- It is believed that 20% of Asperger Syndrome patients 'grow out’ of their disorder and and do not meet the diagnostic criteria as adults, whereas many other patients improve.[1]
- Diagnosis of AS is often delayed and sometimes done in adulthood.[2]
- Social impairment is lifelong.[3]
- Most attend regular education classes with additional support services.[3]
- Some need special education services because of their social and behavioral impairments.[3]
- Early diagnosis and intervention in patients with AS may improve adaptation and adjustment of the child.[2]
. - Screening for associated disorders is an important prognostic factor.[2]
Associated Conditions
Asperger Syndrome (AS) is associated with several conditions which include:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (most common in pediatric patients)[4]
- Depression (most common in adolescent and adult patients)[4][5]
- Bipolar disorder[4][5]
- Tourette Syndrome[4]
- Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)[4][5]
- Tic disorder[4]
- Anxiety disorders[5]
- Schizophrenia[6]
- Nonverbal learning disability[7]
- Difficulty in falling asleep, sleepiness after awakening and during daytime and poor sleep quality[8]
- There have been case-reports of Asperger Syndrome (AS) associated with aminoaciduria,[9] ligamentous laxity[10] and recurrent hypersomnia[11].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Seltzer MM, Krauss MW, Shattuck PT, Orsmond G, Swe A, Lord C (2003). "The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood". J Autism Dev Disord. 33 (6): 565–81. doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000005995.02453.0b. PMID 14714927.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Mirkovic B, Gérardin P (2019). "Asperger's syndrome: What to consider?". Encephale. 45 (2): 169–174. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2018.11.005. PMID 30736970.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Klin A (2006). "Autism and Asperger syndrome: an overview". Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 28 (suppl 1): S3–S11. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462006000500002. PMID 16791390.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Ghaziuddin M, Weidmer-Mikhail E, Ghaziuddin N (1998). "Comorbidity of Asperger syndrome: a preliminary report". J Intellect Disabil Res. 42 ( Pt 4): 279–83. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1998.tb01647.x. PMID 9786442.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Lugnegård T, Hallerbäck MU, Gillberg C (2011). "Psychiatric comorbidity in young adults with a clinical diagnosis of Asperger syndrome". Res Dev Disabil. 32 (5): 1910–7. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.03.025. PMID 21515028.
- ↑ Marinopoulou M, Lugnegård T, Hallerbäck MU, Gillberg C, Billstedt E (2016). "Asperger Syndrome and Schizophrenia: A Comparative Neuropsychological Study". J Autism Dev Disord. 46 (7): 2292–304. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2758-9. PMID 26936160.
- ↑ Cederlund M, Gillberg C (2004). "One hundred males with Asperger syndrome: a clinical study of background and associated factors". Dev Med Child Neurol. 46 (10): 652–60. doi:10.1017/s0012162204001100. PMID 15473168.
- ↑ Tani P, Lindberg N, Joukamaa M, Nieminen-von Wendt T, von Wendt L, Appelberg B; et al. (2004). "Asperger syndrome, alexithymia and perception of sleep". Neuropsychobiology. 49 (2): 64–70. doi:10.1159/000076412. PMID 14981336.
- ↑ Miles SW, Capelle P (1987). "Asperger's syndrome and aminoaciduria: a case example". Br J Psychiatry. 150: 397–400. doi:10.1192/bjp.150.3.397. PMID 3664113.
- ↑ Tantam D, Evered C, Hersov L (1990). "Asperger's syndrome and ligamentous laxity". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 29 (6): 892–6. doi:10.1097/00004583-199011000-00008. PMID 2273016.
- ↑ Berthier ML, Santamaria J, Encabo H, Tolosa ES (1992). "Recurrent hypersomnia in two adolescent males with Asperger's syndrome". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 31 (4): 735–8. doi:10.1097/00004583-199207000-00023. PMID 1644738.