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== | <br /> | ||
==Overview== | |||
Neuroimaging is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS). However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients. | |||
==Neuroimaging== | |||
* Neuroimaging.is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS). | |||
* However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients which include: | |||
* | |||
* However, several of studies have found abnormalities in | |||
** Abnormal activation in the inferior temporal sulcus.<ref name="pmid10768694">{{cite journal| author=Schultz RT, Gauthier I, Klin A, Fulbright RK, Anderson AW, Volkmar F | display-authors=etal| title=Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. | journal=Arch Gen Psychiatry | year= 2000 | volume= 57 | issue= 4 | pages= 331-40 | pmid=10768694 | doi=10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10768694 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12639338">{{cite journal| author=Schultz RT, Grelotti DJ, Klin A, Kleinman J, Van der Gaag C, Marois R | display-authors=etal| title=The role of the fusiform face area in social cognition: implications for the pathobiology of autism. | journal=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci | year= 2003 | volume= 358 | issue= 1430 | pages= 415-27 | pmid=12639338 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2002.1208 | pmc=1693125 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12639338 }} </ref> | ** Abnormal activation in the inferior temporal sulcus.<ref name="pmid10768694">{{cite journal| author=Schultz RT, Gauthier I, Klin A, Fulbright RK, Anderson AW, Volkmar F | display-authors=etal| title=Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. | journal=Arch Gen Psychiatry | year= 2000 | volume= 57 | issue= 4 | pages= 331-40 | pmid=10768694 | doi=10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10768694 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12639338">{{cite journal| author=Schultz RT, Grelotti DJ, Klin A, Kleinman J, Van der Gaag C, Marois R | display-authors=etal| title=The role of the fusiform face area in social cognition: implications for the pathobiology of autism. | journal=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci | year= 2003 | volume= 358 | issue= 1430 | pages= 415-27 | pmid=12639338 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2002.1208 | pmc=1693125 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12639338 }} </ref> | ||
** Abnormal dysactivation of the frontal lobe while performing neuropsychological tests.<ref name="pmid8556839">{{cite journal| author=Fletcher PC, Happé F, Frith U, Baker SC, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS | display-authors=etal| title=Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of "theory of mind" in story comprehension. | journal=Cognition | year= 1995 | volume= 57 | issue= 2 | pages= 109-28 | pmid=8556839 | doi=10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-r | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8556839 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9051780">{{cite journal| author=Happé F, Ehlers S, Fletcher P, Frith U, Johansson M, Gillberg C | display-authors=etal| title='Theory of mind' in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome. | journal=Neuroreport | year= 1996 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 197-201 | pmid=9051780 | doi=10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9051780 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12959489">{{cite journal| author=Mundy P| title=Annotation: the neural basis of social impairments in autism: the role of the dorsal medial-frontal cortex and anterior cingulate system. | journal=J Child Psychol Psychiatry | year= 2003 | volume= 44 | issue= 6 | pages= 793-809 | pmid=12959489 | doi=10.1111/1469-7610.00165 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12959489 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10388796">{{cite journal| author=Ring HA, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Williams SC, Brammer M, Andrew C | display-authors=etal| title=Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: a functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance. | journal=Brain | year= 1999 | volume= 122 ( Pt 7) | issue= | pages= 1305-15 | pmid=10388796 | doi=10.1093/brain/122.7.1305 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10388796 }} </ref> | ** Abnormal dysactivation of the frontal lobe while performing neuropsychological tests.<ref name="pmid8556839">{{cite journal| author=Fletcher PC, Happé F, Frith U, Baker SC, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS | display-authors=etal| title=Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of "theory of mind" in story comprehension. | journal=Cognition | year= 1995 | volume= 57 | issue= 2 | pages= 109-28 | pmid=8556839 | doi=10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-r | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8556839 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9051780">{{cite journal| author=Happé F, Ehlers S, Fletcher P, Frith U, Johansson M, Gillberg C | display-authors=etal| title='Theory of mind' in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome. | journal=Neuroreport | year= 1996 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 197-201 | pmid=9051780 | doi=10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9051780 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12959489">{{cite journal| author=Mundy P| title=Annotation: the neural basis of social impairments in autism: the role of the dorsal medial-frontal cortex and anterior cingulate system. | journal=J Child Psychol Psychiatry | year= 2003 | volume= 44 | issue= 6 | pages= 793-809 | pmid=12959489 | doi=10.1111/1469-7610.00165 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12959489 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10388796">{{cite journal| author=Ring HA, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Williams SC, Brammer M, Andrew C | display-authors=etal| title=Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: a functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance. | journal=Brain | year= 1999 | volume= 122 ( Pt 7) | issue= | pages= 1305-15 | pmid=10388796 | doi=10.1093/brain/122.7.1305 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10388796 }} </ref> | ||
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** Missing tissue area in each hemisphere at the part where the middle frontal gyrus and the precentral sulcus intersect.<ref name="pmid8567603">{{cite journal| author=Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz R, Bronen R, Marans WD, Sparrow S | display-authors=etal| title=Asperger's syndrome. | journal=J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry | year= 1996 | volume= 35 | issue= 1 | pages= 118-23 | pmid=8567603 | doi=10.1097/00004583-199601000-00020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8567603 }} </ref> | ** Missing tissue area in each hemisphere at the part where the middle frontal gyrus and the precentral sulcus intersect.<ref name="pmid8567603">{{cite journal| author=Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz R, Bronen R, Marans WD, Sparrow S | display-authors=etal| title=Asperger's syndrome. | journal=J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry | year= 1996 | volume= 35 | issue= 1 | pages= 118-23 | pmid=8567603 | doi=10.1097/00004583-199601000-00020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8567603 }} </ref> | ||
** Lesion in the right middle temporal gyrus white matter.<ref name="pmid10671397">{{cite journal| author=Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz RT, Rubin E, Bronen R| title=Asperger's disorder. | journal=Am J Psychiatry | year= 2000 | volume= 157 | issue= 2 | pages= 262-7 | pmid=10671397 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.262 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10671397 }} </ref> | ** Lesion in the right middle temporal gyrus white matter.<ref name="pmid10671397">{{cite journal| author=Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz RT, Rubin E, Bronen R| title=Asperger's disorder. | journal=Am J Psychiatry | year= 2000 | volume= 157 | issue= 2 | pages= 262-7 | pmid=10671397 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.262 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10671397 }} </ref> | ||
** <s>Megalencephaly/ extreme male brain’ phenotype. [6]</s> | **<s>Megalencephaly/ extreme male brain’ phenotype. [6]</s> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 11:54, 19 June 2020
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Overview
Neuroimaging is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS). However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients.
Neuroimaging
- Neuroimaging.is not used in the diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome (AS).
- However, several of studies have found abnormalities in neuroimages of AS patients which include:
- Abnormal activation in the inferior temporal sulcus.[1][2]
- Abnormal dysactivation of the frontal lobe while performing neuropsychological tests.[3][4][5][6]
- Abnormal functional integration of the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus.[7]
- Abnormal structures in the inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex and rostral fusiform gyrus.[8]
- Missing tissue area in each hemisphere at the part where the middle frontal gyrus and the precentral sulcus intersect.[9]
- Lesion in the right middle temporal gyrus white matter.[10]
Megalencephaly/ extreme male brain’ phenotype. [6]
References
- ↑ Schultz RT, Gauthier I, Klin A, Fulbright RK, Anderson AW, Volkmar F; et al. (2000). "Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 57 (4): 331–40. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331. PMID 10768694.
- ↑ Schultz RT, Grelotti DJ, Klin A, Kleinman J, Van der Gaag C, Marois R; et al. (2003). "The role of the fusiform face area in social cognition: implications for the pathobiology of autism". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 358 (1430): 415–27. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1208. PMC 1693125. PMID 12639338.
- ↑ Fletcher PC, Happé F, Frith U, Baker SC, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS; et al. (1995). "Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of "theory of mind" in story comprehension". Cognition. 57 (2): 109–28. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-r. PMID 8556839.
- ↑ Happé F, Ehlers S, Fletcher P, Frith U, Johansson M, Gillberg C; et al. (1996). "'Theory of mind' in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome". Neuroreport. 8 (1): 197–201. doi:10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040. PMID 9051780.
- ↑ Mundy P (2003). "Annotation: the neural basis of social impairments in autism: the role of the dorsal medial-frontal cortex and anterior cingulate system". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 44 (6): 793–809. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00165. PMID 12959489.
- ↑ Ring HA, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Williams SC, Brammer M, Andrew C; et al. (1999). "Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: a functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance". Brain. 122 ( Pt 7): 1305–15. doi:10.1093/brain/122.7.1305. PMID 10388796.
- ↑ Welchew DE, Ashwin C, Berkouk K, Salvador R, Suckling J, Baron-Cohen S; et al. (2005). "Functional disconnectivity of the medial temporal lobe in Asperger's syndrome". Biol Psychiatry. 57 (9): 991–8. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.028. PMID 15860339.
- ↑ Kwon H, Ow AW, Pedatella KE, Lotspeich LJ, Reiss AL (2004). "Voxel-based morphometry elucidates structural neuroanatomy of high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome". Dev Med Child Neurol. 46 (11): 760–4. doi:10.1017/s0012162204001306. PMID 15540637.
- ↑ Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz R, Bronen R, Marans WD, Sparrow S; et al. (1996). "Asperger's syndrome". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 35 (1): 118–23. doi:10.1097/00004583-199601000-00020. PMID 8567603.
- ↑ Volkmar FR, Klin A, Schultz RT, Rubin E, Bronen R (2000). "Asperger's disorder". Am J Psychiatry. 157 (2): 262–7. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.262. PMID 10671397.