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==Overview==
==Overview==
The exact cause of arachnoid cysts is not known. Researchers believe that most cases of arachnoid cysts are developmental malformations that arise from the unexplained splitting or tearing of the arachnoid membrane, being classified as primary. There are also arachnoid cysts that arise from secondary causes, such as trauma, surgery, intracranial hemorrhage and infection.<ref>Fatima, Mustansir, Bashir Sanaullah, and Darbar Aneela. "Management of Arachnoid Cysts: A Comprehensive Review." ''Cureus'' (2018).</ref>
The exact cause of arachnoid cysts is not known. Researchers believe that most cases of arachnoid cysts are developmental malformations that arise from the unexplained splitting or tearing of the arachnoid membrane, being classified as primary. There are also arachnoid cysts that arise from secondary causes, such as trauma, surgery, intracranial hemorrhage and infection.<ref name=":0">Fatima, Mustansir, Bashir Sanaullah, and Darbar Aneela. "Management of Arachnoid Cysts: A Comprehensive Review." ''Cureus'' (2018).</ref>
==Causes==
==Causes==
In some cases, arachnoid cysts occurring in the middle fossa are accompanied by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) or compression of the temporal lobe. The exact role that temporal lobe abnormalities play in the development of middle fossa arachnoid cysts is unknown.
In a few rare cases, intracranial arachnoid cysts may be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If an individual receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will not show symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is 25 percent. Fifty percent of their children risk being carriers of the disease, but generally will not show symptoms of the disorder. Twenty-five percent of their children may receive both normal genes, one from each parent, and will be genetically normal (for that particular trait). The risk is the same for each pregnancy.
In a few rare cases, spinal intradural arachnoid cysts may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait..
Some complications of arachnoid cysts can occur when a cyst is damaged because of minor head trauma. Trauma can cause the fluid within a cyst to leak into other areas (e.g., subarachnoid space). Blood vessels on the surface of a cyst may tear and bleed into the cyst (intracystic hemorrhage), increasing its size. If a blood vessel bleeds on the outside of a cyst, a collection of blood (hematoma) may result. In the cases of intracystic hemorrhage and hematoma, the individual may have symptoms of increased pressure within the cranium and signs of compression of nearby nerve (neural) tissue.


Arachnoid cysts can also occur secondary to other disorders such as Marfan’s syndrome, arachnoiditis, or agenesis of the corpus callosum. (For more information on these disorders, choose the specific disorder name as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)[http://arachnoidcyst.org/arachnoid.html]
* Arachnoid cysts are not tumors. They are small sacs that develop between the brain and the arachnoid membrane;
* They are filled with intracranial cerebrospinal fluid and lined with arachnoid membranes;
* Arachnoid cysts can be primary, in which the cause is unknown and develops in a fetus during pregnancy;
* And it can also be secondary to CNS infections, trauma, brain tumors and may be a complication of brain surgeries.<ref name=":0" />
* There have been cases of arachnoid cysts appearing in multiple members of a family (familial cases) which suggests that there might be a genetic component playing a role in the development of arachnoid cysts in some patients.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/arachnoid-cysts/|title=NORD - National Organization for Rare Disorders - Arachnoid Cysts|last=|first=|date=06/21/2020|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
* They may also be related to Marfan's syndrome, agenesis of the corpo callosum and other disorders.<ref name=":1" />


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 00:08, 22 June 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The exact cause of arachnoid cysts is not known. Researchers believe that most cases of arachnoid cysts are developmental malformations that arise from the unexplained splitting or tearing of the arachnoid membrane, being classified as primary. There are also arachnoid cysts that arise from secondary causes, such as trauma, surgery, intracranial hemorrhage and infection.[1]

Causes

  • Arachnoid cysts are not tumors. They are small sacs that develop between the brain and the arachnoid membrane;
  • They are filled with intracranial cerebrospinal fluid and lined with arachnoid membranes;
  • Arachnoid cysts can be primary, in which the cause is unknown and develops in a fetus during pregnancy;
  • And it can also be secondary to CNS infections, trauma, brain tumors and may be a complication of brain surgeries.[1]
  • There have been cases of arachnoid cysts appearing in multiple members of a family (familial cases) which suggests that there might be a genetic component playing a role in the development of arachnoid cysts in some patients.[2]
  • They may also be related to Marfan's syndrome, agenesis of the corpo callosum and other disorders.[2]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Fatima, Mustansir, Bashir Sanaullah, and Darbar Aneela. "Management of Arachnoid Cysts: A Comprehensive Review." Cureus (2018).
  2. 2.0 2.1 "NORD - National Organization for Rare Disorders - Arachnoid Cysts". 06/21/2020. Check date values in: |date= (help)