Arachnoid cyst classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: José Eduardo Riceto Loyola Junior, M.D.[2]
Overview
Arachnoid cysts may be classified according to cause into 2 subtypes/groups: primary or secondary, or according to symptoms into 3 groups.
Classification
Classification by cause
Arachnoid cysts can be classified by cause:
- Primary: developmental cysts, formed during the formation of arachnoid membranes in utero;
- Secondary: appear after trauma, infection, hemorrhage or surgery. Much less common.[1]
Classification by symptoms
They can also be further classified regarding the symptoms that they cause, as proposed by Choi et al.:
- First group: present with hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension;
- Second group: present with dizziness, headaches, large head, seizures, strabismus, developmental delays and skull deformation;
- Third group: minimal or no symptoms.
This classification is closely related with prognosis. Patients from the first group had significant improvement after surgery, the third group had a much smaller benefit while patients from the second group had minimal benefit.[1]
Classification of spinal cysts
Nabors et al. suggested classifying arachnoid cysts of the spinal cord into three types:
- Type I - extradural cysts without nerve root involvement;
- Type II - extradural cysts with nerve root involvement;
- Type III - intradural cysts.[2]