Acute liver failure causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[ | * [[Acetaminophen]] overdose is the most common cause. The reason is usually suicidal intent. Additionally, the toxic threshold dose of acetaminophen decreases in some cases such as in chronic [[alcoholics]], [[diabetics]], and while fasting. | ||
* Idiosyncratic | * Idiosyncratic reactions to medication is the second most common cause. Culprit drugs are: [[tetracycline]], [[troglitazone]], antituberculosis drugs, and [[anti-epileptic]] drugs | ||
* Excessive | * Excessive alcohol intake and severe [[alcoholic hepatitis]] | ||
* Viral hepatitis ([[hepatitis A]] or [[hepatitis B|B | * Viral hepatitis ([[hepatitis A]] or [[hepatitis B|B]]). The incidences of acute liver failure in post-viral hepatitis has decreased due to the extensive vaccination against these infections. | ||
* [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] | * [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] | ||
* [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] | * [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] | ||
* [[Reye syndrome]] is acute liver failure in a child with a viral infection (e.g. [[chickenpox]]); it appears that [[aspirin]] use may play a significant role | * [[Reye syndrome]] is acute liver failure in a child with a viral infection (e.g. [[chickenpox]]); it appears that [[aspirin]] use may play a significant role | ||
* [[Wilson's disease]] (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure | * [[Wilson's disease]] (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure | ||
* Idiopathic (without an obvious cause) | * [[Idiopathic]] (without an obvious cause) | ||
* Diseases of fatty acid oxidation pathways | * Diseases of fatty acid oxidation pathways | ||
* Parvovirus B19 infection | * [[Parvovirus B19]] infection | ||
* [[Budd–Chiari syndrome]] | * [[Budd–Chiari syndrome]] | ||
* [[Malignancy]] | * [[Malignancy]] such as [[lymphomas]] | ||
* [[Shock]] | * [[Shock]] | ||
* [[Hyperthermia]] | * [[Hyperthermia]] | ||
Revision as of 19:39, 28 October 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Common Causes
- Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause. The reason is usually suicidal intent. Additionally, the toxic threshold dose of acetaminophen decreases in some cases such as in chronic alcoholics, diabetics, and while fasting.
- Idiosyncratic reactions to medication is the second most common cause. Culprit drugs are: tetracycline, troglitazone, antituberculosis drugs, and anti-epileptic drugs
- Excessive alcohol intake and severe alcoholic hepatitis
- Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A or B). The incidences of acute liver failure in post-viral hepatitis has decreased due to the extensive vaccination against these infections.
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Reye syndrome is acute liver failure in a child with a viral infection (e.g. chickenpox); it appears that aspirin use may play a significant role
- Wilson's disease (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure
- Idiopathic (without an obvious cause)
- Diseases of fatty acid oxidation pathways
- Parvovirus B19 infection
- Budd–Chiari syndrome
- Malignancy such as lymphomas
- Shock
- Hyperthermia
- Hypothermia
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- Cytomegalovirus
- Drugs
- Epstein-Barr Virus
- Heatstroke
- Hepatic arterial occlusion or Hepatic venous occlusion
- Hepatitis A - Hepatitis G
- Herpes simplex 1, 2
- Hypotension
- Hypothermia
- Hyperthermia
- Massive malignant infiltration of the liver
- Parainfluenza virus
- Paramyxovirus
- Primary graft nonfunction post liver transplantation
- Reye's Syndrome
- Sepsis
- Shock
- Wilson's Disease
Drugs
Listed below are the drugs which cause idiosyncratic liver injury leading to liver failure.[1]
- Doxycycline
- Efavirenz
- Etodolac
- Gemtuzumab
- Imipramine
- Isoflurane
- Isoniazid
- Itraconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Labetalol
- MDMA
- Methyldopa
- Nicotinic acid
- Nitrofurantoin
- Phenytoin
- Propylthiouracil
- Pyrazinamide
- Statins
- Sulfasalazine
- Terbinafine
- Tolcapone
- Valproic Acid
References
- ↑ "www.aasld.org" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-10-26.