Acute aortic syndrome
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Acute aortic syndrome Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) describes a constellation of emergency conditions with a similar clinical feature that involves the aorta.[1] These include aortic dissection, intramural thrombus, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer.[2] It is possible for AAS to lead to acute coronary syndrome.[3] The term was introduced in 2001.[4][5]
Classification
Acute aortic syndromes is classified into 5 entities as follows:[6][7]
- Type I: classic aortic dissection involving an intimal layer between the true and false lumen (with no communication between the two lumen)
- Type II: aortic dissection with medial rupture and the subsequent intramural hematoma formation
- Type III: Subtle aortic dissection with bulging of the aortic wall
- Type IV: aortic dissection due to plaque rupture and subsequent ulceration
- Type V: iatrogenic/traumatic dissection
Differentiating Acute Aortic Syndrome from other Diseases
- Acute aortic syndrome should be differentiated from other conditions causing signs and symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, back pain and etc.
- For more information on the differential diagnosis of the acute aortic syndrome click here.
Causes
- Causes include aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer or a thoracic aneurysm that has become unstable.[8]
- Basically, AAS can be caused by a breakdown on the wall of the aorta that involves the tunica intima and/or media.[9]
- For more information on aortic dissection causes click here.
- For more information on aortic intramural hematoma causes click here.
- For more information on penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer causes click here.
Guidelines
References
- ↑ Ahmad F, Cheshire N, Hamady M (May 2006). "Acute aortic syndrome: pathology and therapeutic strategies". Postgrad Med J. 82 (967): 305–12. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.043083. PMC 2563796. PMID 16679467.
- ↑ Macura, KJ; Corl FM; Fishman EK; Bluemke DA (1 August 2003). "Pathogenesis in acute aortic syndromes: aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer". American Journal of Roentgenology. 181 (2): 309–316. doi:10.2214/ajr.181.2.1810309. PMID 12876003. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
- ↑ Manghat NE, Morgan-Hughes GJ, Roobottom CA (December 2005). "Multi-detector row computed tomography: imaging in acute aortic syndrome". Clin Radiol. 60 (12): 1256–67. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2005.06.011. PMID 16291307.
- ↑ van der Loo B, Jenni R (August 2003). "Acute aortic syndrome: proposal for a novel classification". Heart. 89 (8): 928. doi:10.1136/heart.89.8.928. PMC 1767786. PMID 12860875.
- ↑ Vilacosta I, Román JA (April 2001). "Acute aortic syndrome". Heart. 85 (4): 365–8. doi:10.1136/heart.85.4.365. PMC 1729697. PMID 11250953.
- ↑ Erbel, R (2001). "Diagnosis and management of aortic dissection Task Force on Aortic Dissection, European Society of Cardiology". European Heart Journal. 22 (18): 1642–1681. doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2782. ISSN 0195-668X.
- ↑ "2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases". European Heart Journal. 35 (41): 2873–2926. 2014. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu281. ISSN 0195-668X.
- ↑ Smith AD, Schoenhagen P (January 2008). "CT imaging for acute aortic syndrome". Cleve Clin J Med. 75 (1): 7–9, 12, 15–7 passim. doi:10.3949/ccjm.75.1.7. PMID 18236724.
- ↑ Evangelista Masip A (April 2007). "[Progress in the acute aortic syndrome]". Rev Esp Cardiol (in Spanish; Castilian). 60 (4): 428–39. doi:10.1157/13101646. PMID 17521551.