AGCE gene transcriptions: Difference between revisions

Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

This is a restored image of a group of Ainu men between 1863 and early 1870s. Credit: Felice Beato.

Angiotensinogen core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) is an example of a core promoter element that may occur in a DNA sequence for only one gene (the human angiotensinogen gene angiotensin).

"[T]he core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) of the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT) ... acts as a critical regulator of AGT transcription".^[1]

Human genes

Gene ID: 183 is angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ] has the official symbol AGT.^[2]

Consensus sequences

The consensus sequence is 3'-A/C-T-C/T-5'.^[1] By convention, this is 5'-MTY-3' on the mRNA, with T replaced by uracil (U).

The core nucleotides for AGCE1 include 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5', "located between the TATA box and transcription initiation site (positions −25 to −1) is an authentic regulator of human AG transcription."^[3]

A1BG gene transcriptions

An AGCE1 occurs at 3'-ATC-5', in the nucleotides before the transcription start site for the transcription of A1BG, which ends 5 bp upstream from the TSS and is the only AGCE1 within -25 and -1 bp of the TSS. Usually, the AGCE1 spans -20 to -18 bp, when a TATA box is present.^[1]

However, for the transcription of A1BG, there is no TATA box and the core nucleotides 3'-GTG-5' do not occur on either side of 3'-ATC-5'.

Hypotheses

AGCE1 does not participate in the transcription of A1BG.

Samplings

AGCE, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5': 4 between 340 and 3914 nts and complements.
AGCE, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5': 2, 3'-ATTGTG-5' at 2679, 3'-CTCGTG-5' at 4376 and complements.
AGCE, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5': 6 between 855 and 3739 and complements.
AGCEci, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 3'-C-A-C-A/G-A-G/T-5': 2, 3'-CACGAT-5' at 336, 3'-CACGAG-5' at 4403 and complements.
AGCEci, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 3'-C-A-C-A/G-A-G/T-5': 1, 3'-CACGAG-5' at 243.
AGCEci, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 3'-C-A-C-A/G-A-G/T-5': 10 between 435 and 4472 and complements.
AGCEci, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 3'-C-A-C-A/G-A-G/T-5': 3 between 107 and 3152 and complements.

Core promoters

AGCE1 can occur upstream from -25 to -1 base pairs (bp)s of the transcription start site.^[1]

Proximal promoters

Distal promoters

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.

Initial content for this page in some instances came from Wikiversity.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara (September 1997). "Association of Variants in Critical Core Promoter Element of Angiotensinogen Gene With Increased Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese". Hypertension. 30 (3 Pt 1): 321–5. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.30.3.321. PMID 9314411. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
↑ HGNC (February 7, 2013). "AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
↑ Kazuyuki Yanai, Tomoko Saito, Keiko Hirota, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Kazuo Murakami and Akiyoshi Fukamizu (28 November 1997). "Molecular Variation of the Human Angiotensinogen Core Promoter Element Located between the TATA Box and Transcription Initiation Site Affects Its Transcriptional Activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (48): 30558–62. PMID 9374551. Retrieved 2012-02-20.

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{{Phosphate biochemistry}}

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[Image:Bjs48 02 Ainu.jpg|thumb|right|250px|This is a restored image of a group of Ainu men between 1863 and early 1870s. Credit: Felice Beato.]]
 '''Angiotensinogen core promoter element''' 1 (AGCE1) is an example of a core promoter element that may occur in a DNA sequence for only one gene (the human angiotensinogen gene angiotensin).
+"[T]he core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) of the human angiotensinogen gene (''AGT'') ... acts as a critical regulator of ''AGT'' transcription".<ref name=Sato/>
 {{clear}}
-==Proof of concept==
-{{main|Proof of concept}}
-For the original research project focused on the transcription of A1BG, proof of concept may be simply that AGCE1 occurs in the [[core promoter]].
-==Consensus sequences==
-{{main|Consensus sequence gene transcriptions}}
-The consensus sequence is 3'-A/C-T-C/T-5'.<ref name=Sato/> By convention, this is 5'-MTY-3' on the mRNA, with T replaced by uracil (U).
-The core nucleotides for AGCE1 include 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5', "located between the TATA box and [[Transcription start site|transcription initiation site]] (positions −25 to −1) is an authentic regulator of human AG transcription."<ref name=Yanai/>
 ==Human genes==
 {{main|Human genes}}
-"[T]he core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) of the human angiotensinogen gene (''AGT'') ... acts as a critical regulator of ''AGT'' transcription".<ref name=Sato/> GeneID: 183 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ] has the official symbol AGT.<ref name=HGNC183>{{ cite book
+Gene ID: 183 is angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ] has the official symbol AGT.<ref name=HGNC183>{{ cite web
 |author=HGNC
 |title=AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ]
@@ Line 25: / Line 17: @@
 |accessdate=2013-02-10 }}</ref>
-==Gene transcriptions==
+==Consensus sequences==
-{{main|Gene transcriptions}}
+{{main|Consensus sequence gene transcriptions}}
-Within the variation allowed by the consensus sequence, it is likely that the transcriptional activities of an E-box-like motif of two juxtaposed AGCE1 elements have the following ratios: "CTC/CTC and ATC/ATC homozygotes or the CTC/ATC heterozygotes are 2.5 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote and that the CTC/ATT and ATC/ATT heterozygotes are 1.75 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote."<ref name=Yanai>{{ cite journal
+The consensus sequence is 3'-A/C-T-C/T-5'.<ref name=Sato/> By convention, this is 5'-MTY-3' on the mRNA, with T replaced by uracil (U).
+The core nucleotides for AGCE1 include 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5', "located between the TATA box and [[Transcription start site|transcription initiation site]] (positions −25 to −1) is an authentic regulator of human AG transcription."<ref name=Yanai>{{ cite journal
 |author=Kazuyuki Yanai, Tomoko Saito, Keiko Hirota, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Kazuo Murakami and Akiyoshi Fukamizu
 |title=Molecular Variation of the Human Angiotensinogen Core Promoter Element Located between the TATA Box and Transcription Initiation Site Affects Its Transcriptional Activity
@@ Line 41: / Line 35: @@
 |pmid= 9374551
 |accessdate=2012-02-20 }}</ref>
-==Angiotensinogen==
-[[Image:Angiotensins I and II comparison.png|thumb|right|250px|The diagram consists of spacefilling models of angiotensin I (left) and angiotensin II (right). Credit: [[commons:User:Fvasconcellos|Fvasconcellos]].]]
-[[Image:Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.png|thumb|left|250px|This diagram describes the stages in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Credit: [[commons:User:A. Rad|A. Rad]].]]
-Angiotensinogen is an α-2-globulin produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly by the liver. It is a member of the serpin family, although it is not known to inhibit other enzymes, unlike most serpins. Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels.
-Angiotensin I ([CAS registry number] CAS# 11128-99-7) is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide bond between the leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) residues on angiotensinogen, creating the ten-amino acid peptide (des-Asp) angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II (AII) through removal of two C-terminal residues by the enzyme ''angiotensin-converting enzyme'' (ACE, or ''kinase'').
-{{clear}}
 ==A1BG gene transcriptions==
@@ Line 72: / Line 58: @@
 ==Core promoters==
 {{main|Core promoter gene transcriptions}}
-The core promoter is the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate gene transcription. It contains a binding site for RNA polymerase (RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, or RNA polymerase III). Any specific gene’s core promoter is ultimately targeted by a vast network of regulatory factors that contribute to the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase.
 AGCE1 can occur upstream from -25 to -1 base pairs (bp)s of the transcription start site.<ref name=Sato>{{ cite journal
 |author=Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara
@@ Line 104: / Line 88: @@
 {{div col|colwidth=20em}}
 * [[A1BG gene transcriptions]]
+* [[Angiotensinogen core promoter element gene transcriptions]]
 * [[Biochemistry]]
 * [[Eukaryotic transcription]]
@@ Line 112: / Line 97: @@
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
-==Further reading==
-* {{ cite journal
-|author=Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara
-|title=Association of Variants in Critical Core Promoter Element of Angiotensinogen Gene With Increased Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese
-|journal=Hypertension
-|date=September 1997
-|volume=30
-|issue=3 Pt 1
-|pages=321-5
-|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9314411
-|arxiv=
-|bibcode=
-|doi=10.1161/01.HYP.30.3.321
-|pmid=9314411
-|accessdate=2012-02-20 }}
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.ajol.info/ African Journals Online]
-* [http://www.bing.com/search?q=&go=&qs=n&sk=&sc=8-15&qb=1&FORM=AXRE Bing Advanced search]
 * [http://www.genome.jp/ GenomeNet KEGG database]
-* [http://books.google.com/ Google Books]
-* [http://scholar.google.com/advanced_scholar_search?hl=en&lr= Google scholar Advanced Scholar Search]
 * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene Home - Gene - NCBI]
-* [http://www.jstor.org/ JSTOR]
-* [http://www.lycos.com/ Lycos search]
-* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ NASA's National Space Science Data Center]
 * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/gquery NCBI All Databases Search]
-* [http://www.osti.gov/ Office of Scientific & Technical Information]
-* [http://psycnet.apa.org/ PsycNET]
 * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound PubChem Public Chemical Database]
-* [http://www.questia.com/ Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals]
-* [http://online.sagepub.com/ SAGE journals online]
-* [http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/advanced/index.jsp?q1= Scirus for scientific information only advanced search]
-* [http://www.springerlink.com/ SpringerLink]
-* [http://www.tandfonline.com/ Taylor & Francis Online]
-* [http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Main_Page WikiDoc The Living Textbook of Medicine]
-* [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/advanced/search Wiley Online Library Advanced Search]
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