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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Adenylyl cyclase type 3''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY3'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9920776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang B, He B, Abdel-Halim SM, Tibell A, Brendel MD, Bretzel RG, Efendic S, Hillert J | title = Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human type 3 adenylyl cyclase and its expression in human islets | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 254 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–551 | date = Jan 1999 | pmid = 9920776 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9983 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ADCY3 adenylate cyclase 3| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=109| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Adenylate cyclase 3
| HGNCid = 234
| Symbol = ADCY3
| AltSymbols =; AC3; KIAA0511
| OMIM = 600291
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 2978
| MGIid = 99675
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ADCY3_209321_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_ADCY3_209320_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000287 |text = magnesium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004016 |text = adenylate cyclase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005516 |text = calmodulin binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006171 |text = cAMP biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007608 |text = sensory perception of smell}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050896 |text = response to stimulus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 109
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000138031
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004027
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004036
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 24895542
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 24996212
    | Hs_Uniprot = O60266
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 104111
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020654
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_138305
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_612178
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 4133468
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 4214742
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q6PG12
  }}
}}
'''Adenylate cyclase 3''', also known as '''ADCY3''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ADCY3 adenylate cyclase 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=109| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene encodes adenylyl cyclase 3, which is a membrane-associated enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the secondary messenger [[cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] (cAMP).<ref name="entrez" />
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes adenylyl cyclase 3 which is a membrane-associated enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This protein appears to be widely expressed in various human tissues and may be involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological metabolic processes.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ADCY3 adenylate cyclase 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=109| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
The ADCY3 subtype likely mediates odorant detection (possibly) via modulation of intracellular cAMP concentration.<ref name="genecards">{{cite web | title = Gene Cards: ADCY3 Gene| url = https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ADCY3| accessdate = 2012-12-30}}</ref>
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{UCSC gene info|ADCY3}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gaudin C, Homcy CJ, Ishikawa Y | title = Mammalian adenylyl cyclase family members are randomly located on different chromosomes | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 94 | issue = 5 | pages = 527–9 | date = Nov 1994 | pmid = 7959689 | doi = 10.1007/BF00211020 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Haber N, Stengel D, Defer N, Roeckel N, Mattei MG, Hanoune J | title = Chromosomal mapping of human adenylyl cyclase genes type III, type V and type VI | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 94 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–73 | date = Jul 1994 | pmid = 8034296 | doi = 10.1007/BF02272844 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gaudin C, Homcy CJ, Ishikawa Y |title=Mammalian adenylyl cyclase family members are randomly located on different chromosomes. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=94 |issue= 5 |pages= 527-9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7959689 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hellevuo K, Yoshimura M, Kao M, Hoffman PL, Cooper DM, Tabakoff B | title = A novel adenylyl cyclase sequence cloned from the human erythroleukemia cell line | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 192 | issue = 1 | pages = 311–318 | date = Apr 1993 | pmid = 8476432 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1415 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Haber N, Stengel D, Defer N, ''et al.'' |title=Chromosomal mapping of human adenylyl cyclase genes type III, type V and type VI. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=94 |issue= 1 |pages= 69-73 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8034296 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wei J, Wayman G, Storm DR | title = Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 39 | pages = 24231–24235 | date = Sep 1996 | pmid = 8798667 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.39.24231 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hellevuo K, Yoshimura M, Kao M, ''et al.'' |title=A novel adenylyl cyclase sequence cloned from the human erythroleukemia cell line. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=192 |issue= 1 |pages= 311-8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8476432 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1415 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–39 | date = Feb 1998 | pmid = 9628581 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wei J, Wayman G, Storm DR |title=Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 39 |pages= 24231-5 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8798667 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wei J, Zhao AZ, Chan GC, Baker LP, Impey S, Beavo JA, Storm DR | title = Phosphorylation and inhibition of olfactory adenylyl cyclase by CaM kinase II in Neurons: a mechanism for attenuation of olfactory signals | journal = Neuron | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 495–504 | date = Sep 1998 | pmid = 9768837 | doi = 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80561-9 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, ''et al.'' |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=5 |issue= 1 |pages= 31-9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9628581 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Barcova M, Speth C, Kacani L, Uberall F, Stoiber H, Dierich MP | title = Involvement of adenylate cyclase and p70(S6)-kinase activation in IL-10 up-regulation in human monocytes by gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 437 | issue = 4 | pages = 538–546 | date = Mar 1999 | pmid = 10089566 | doi = 10.1007/s004240050815 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wei J, Zhao AZ, Chan GC, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphorylation and inhibition of olfactory adenylyl cyclase by CaM kinase II in Neurons: a mechanism for attenuation of olfactory signals. |journal=Neuron |volume=21 |issue= 3 |pages= 495-504 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9768837 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Speth C, Joebstl B, Barcova M, Dierich MP | title = HIV-1 envelope protein gp41 modulates expression of interleukin-10 and chemokine receptors on monocytes, astrocytes and neurones | journal = AIDS | volume = 14 | issue = 6 | pages = 629–636 | date = Apr 2000 | pmid = 10807185 | doi = 10.1097/00002030-200004140-00001 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yang B, He B, Abdel-Halim SM, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human type 3 adenylyl cyclase and its expression in human islets. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=254 |issue= 3 |pages= 548-51 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9920776 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9983 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Patke CL, Shearer WT | title = gp120- and TNF-alpha-induced modulation of human B cell function: proliferation, cyclic AMP generation, Ig production, and B-cell receptor expression | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 105 | issue = 5 | pages = 975–982 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10808179 | doi = 10.1067/mai.2000.105315 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Barcova M, Speth C, Kacani L, ''et al.'' |title=Involvement of adenylate cyclase and p70(S6)-kinase activation in IL-10 up-regulation in human monocytes by gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. |journal=Pflugers Arch. |volume=437 |issue= 4 |pages= 538-46 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10089566 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Vanvooren V, Allgeier A, Cosson E, Van Sande J, Defer N, Pirlot M, Hanoune J, Dumont JE | title = Expression of multiple adenylyl cyclase isoforms in human and dog thyroid | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 170 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 185–196 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11162902 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00322-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Speth C, Joebstl B, Barcova M, Dierich MP |title=HIV-1 envelope protein gp41 modulates expression of interleukin-10 and chemokine receptors on monocytes, astrocytes and neurones. |journal=AIDS |volume=14 |issue= 6 |pages= 629-36 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10807185 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Patrizio M, Colucci M, Levi G | title = Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein decreases cyclic AMP synthesis in rat microglia cultures | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 77 | issue = 2 | pages = 399–407 | date = Apr 2001 | pmid = 11299302 | doi = 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00249.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Patke CL, Shearer WT |title=gp120- and TNF-alpha-induced modulation of human B cell function: proliferation, cyclic AMP generation, Ig production, and B-cell receptor expression. |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=105 |issue= 5 |pages= 975-82 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10808179 |doi= 10.1067/mai.2000.105315 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Côté M, Guillon G, Payet MD, Gallo-Payet N | title = Expression and regulation of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in the human adrenal gland | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 86 | issue = 9 | pages = 4495–4503 | date = Sep 2001 | pmid = 11549699 | doi = 10.1210/jc.86.9.4495 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vanvooren V, Allgeier A, Cosson E, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of multiple adenylyl cyclase isoforms in human and dog thyroid. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=170 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 185-96 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11162902 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Speth C, Schabetsberger T, Mohsenipour I, Stöckl G, Würzner R, Stoiber H, Lass-Flörl C, Dierich MP | title = Mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus-induced complement expression in astrocytes and neurons | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 76 | issue = 7 | pages = 3179–3188 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11884542 | pmc = 136041 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3179-3188.2002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Patrizio M, Colucci M, Levi G |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein decreases cyclic AMP synthesis in rat microglia cultures. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 399-407 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11299302 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kobayakawa K, Hayashi R, Morita K, Miyamichi K, Oka Y, Tsuboi A, Sakano H | title = Stomatin-related olfactory protein, SRO, specifically expressed in the murine olfactory sensory neurons | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 22 | issue = 14 | pages = 5931–7 | date = Jul 2002 | pmid = 12122055 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Côté M, Guillon G, Payet MD, Gallo-Payet N |title=Expression and regulation of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in the human adrenal gland. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=86 |issue= 9 |pages= 4495-503 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11549699 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ludwig MG, Seuwen K | title = Characterization of the human adenylyl cyclase gene family: cDNA, gene structure, and tissue distribution of the nine isoforms | journal = Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research | volume = 22 | issue = 1-4 | pages = 79–110 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12503609 | doi = 10.1081/RRS-120014589 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Speth C, Schabetsberger T, Mohsenipour I, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus-induced complement expression in astrocytes and neurons. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=76 |issue= 7 |pages= 3179-88 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11884542 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Katsel PL, Tagliente TM, Schwarz TE, Craddock-Royal BD, Patel ND, Maayani S | title = Molecular and biochemical evidence for the presence of type III adenylyl cyclase in human platelets | journal = Platelets | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–33 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12623444 | doi = 10.1080/0953710021000062905 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kobayakawa K, Hayashi R, Morita K, ''et al.'' |title=Stomatin-related olfactory protein, SRO, specifically expressed in the murine olfactory sensory neurons. |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=22 |issue= 14 |pages= 5931-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12122055 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Celano M, Arturi F, Presta I, Bruno R, Scarpelli D, Calvagno MG, Cristofaro C, Bulotta S, Giannasio P, Sacco R, Filetti S, Russo D | title = Expression of adenylyl cyclase types III and VI in human hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 203 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 129–135 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12782409 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00086-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ludwig MG, Seuwen K |title=Characterization of the human adenylyl cyclase gene family: cDNA, gene structure, and tissue distribution of the nine isoforms. |journal=J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. |volume=22 |issue= 1-4 |pages= 79-110 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12503609 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Katsel PL, Tagliente TM, Schwarz TE, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular and biochemical evidence for the presence of type III adenylyl cyclase in human platelets. |journal=Platelets |volume=14 |issue= 1 |pages= 21-33 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12623444 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Celano M, Arturi F, Presta I, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of adenylyl cyclase types III and VI in human hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=203 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 129-35 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12782409 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 06:34, 23 March 2018

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Adenylyl cyclase type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY3 gene.[1][2]

Function

This gene encodes adenylyl cyclase 3, which is a membrane-associated enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).[2]

The ADCY3 subtype likely mediates odorant detection (possibly) via modulation of intracellular cAMP concentration.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Yang B, He B, Abdel-Halim SM, Tibell A, Brendel MD, Bretzel RG, Efendic S, Hillert J (Jan 1999). "Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human type 3 adenylyl cyclase and its expression in human islets". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 254 (3): 548–551. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9983. PMID 9920776.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: ADCY3 adenylate cyclase 3".
  3. ↑ "Gene Cards: ADCY3 Gene". Retrieved 2012-12-30.

External links

Further reading

  • Gaudin C, Homcy CJ, Ishikawa Y (Nov 1994). "Mammalian adenylyl cyclase family members are randomly located on different chromosomes". Human Genetics. 94 (5): 527–9. doi:10.1007/BF00211020. PMID 7959689.
  • Haber N, Stengel D, Defer N, Roeckel N, Mattei MG, Hanoune J (Jul 1994). "Chromosomal mapping of human adenylyl cyclase genes type III, type V and type VI". Human Genetics. 94 (1): 69–73. doi:10.1007/BF02272844. PMID 8034296.
  • Hellevuo K, Yoshimura M, Kao M, Hoffman PL, Cooper DM, Tabakoff B (Apr 1993). "A novel adenylyl cyclase sequence cloned from the human erythroleukemia cell line". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 192 (1): 311–318. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1415. PMID 8476432.
  • Wei J, Wayman G, Storm DR (Sep 1996). "Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (39): 24231–24235. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.39.24231. PMID 8798667.
  • Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O (Feb 1998). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Research. 5 (1): 31–39. doi:10.1093/dnares/5.1.31. PMID 9628581.
  • Wei J, Zhao AZ, Chan GC, Baker LP, Impey S, Beavo JA, Storm DR (Sep 1998). "Phosphorylation and inhibition of olfactory adenylyl cyclase by CaM kinase II in Neurons: a mechanism for attenuation of olfactory signals". Neuron. 21 (3): 495–504. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80561-9. PMID 9768837.
  • Barcova M, Speth C, Kacani L, Uberall F, Stoiber H, Dierich MP (Mar 1999). "Involvement of adenylate cyclase and p70(S6)-kinase activation in IL-10 up-regulation in human monocytes by gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Pflügers Archiv. 437 (4): 538–546. doi:10.1007/s004240050815. PMID 10089566.
  • Speth C, Joebstl B, Barcova M, Dierich MP (Apr 2000). "HIV-1 envelope protein gp41 modulates expression of interleukin-10 and chemokine receptors on monocytes, astrocytes and neurones". AIDS. 14 (6): 629–636. doi:10.1097/00002030-200004140-00001. PMID 10807185.
  • Patke CL, Shearer WT (May 2000). "gp120- and TNF-alpha-induced modulation of human B cell function: proliferation, cyclic AMP generation, Ig production, and B-cell receptor expression". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 105 (5): 975–982. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.105315. PMID 10808179.
  • Vanvooren V, Allgeier A, Cosson E, Van Sande J, Defer N, Pirlot M, Hanoune J, Dumont JE (Dec 2000). "Expression of multiple adenylyl cyclase isoforms in human and dog thyroid". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 170 (1–2): 185–196. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00322-1. PMID 11162902.
  • Patrizio M, Colucci M, Levi G (Apr 2001). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein decreases cyclic AMP synthesis in rat microglia cultures". Journal of Neurochemistry. 77 (2): 399–407. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00249.x. PMID 11299302.
  • Côté M, Guillon G, Payet MD, Gallo-Payet N (Sep 2001). "Expression and regulation of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in the human adrenal gland". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (9): 4495–4503. doi:10.1210/jc.86.9.4495. PMID 11549699.
  • Speth C, Schabetsberger T, Mohsenipour I, Stöckl G, Würzner R, Stoiber H, Lass-Flörl C, Dierich MP (Apr 2002). "Mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus-induced complement expression in astrocytes and neurons". Journal of Virology. 76 (7): 3179–3188. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.7.3179-3188.2002. PMC 136041. PMID 11884542.
  • Kobayakawa K, Hayashi R, Morita K, Miyamichi K, Oka Y, Tsuboi A, Sakano H (Jul 2002). "Stomatin-related olfactory protein, SRO, specifically expressed in the murine olfactory sensory neurons". The Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (14): 5931–7. PMID 12122055.
  • Ludwig MG, Seuwen K (2003). "Characterization of the human adenylyl cyclase gene family: cDNA, gene structure, and tissue distribution of the nine isoforms". Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research. 22 (1–4): 79–110. doi:10.1081/RRS-120014589. PMID 12503609.
  • Katsel PL, Tagliente TM, Schwarz TE, Craddock-Royal BD, Patel ND, Maayani S (Feb 2003). "Molecular and biochemical evidence for the presence of type III adenylyl cyclase in human platelets". Platelets. 14 (1): 21–33. doi:10.1080/0953710021000062905. PMID 12623444.
  • Celano M, Arturi F, Presta I, Bruno R, Scarpelli D, Calvagno MG, Cristofaro C, Bulotta S, Giannasio P, Sacco R, Filetti S, Russo D (May 2003). "Expression of adenylyl cyclase types III and VI in human hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 203 (1–2): 129–135. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00086-8. PMID 12782409.


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