Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis

	Small intestine cancer Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Small intestine cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural history, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-Ray
CT Scan
MRI
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis
CDC on Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis
Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis in the news
Blogs on Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Small intestine cancer
Risk calculators and risk factors for Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qurrat-ul-ain Abid, M.D.[2]Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [3]

Overview

Small intestine cancer must be differentiated from Crohn's disease, intestinal tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, large intestine cancer, peptic ulcer disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Differential Diagnosis

tab

	Symptoms				Lab Findings		Imaging			Histopathology
Diseases	Clinical manifestations				Para-clinical findings						Gold standard	Comments
	Symptoms				Para-clinical findings
	Constipation/Diarrhea	Blood in stool	Abdominal pain	Other symptoms	Anemia	Tumor marker	Endoscopy	CT scan	Other imaging study	Histopathology
Adenocarcinoma	+/-	+	+/-	Tenesmus Diminished caliber of stools Mucus in stools	+	CEA+	Sigmoidoscopy may show polyps, ulcerating and infiltrating lesions Colonoscopy^[1] can reveal detail images of polyps and cancerous lesions	Luminal narrowing and bowel obstruction Circumferential thickening of the bowel wall Enlarged lymph nodes Pulmonary metastases Peritoneal metastases Hepatic metastases	PET scans for detailed images MRI Barium enema shows the luminal abnormalities Genetic testing to see hereditary etiology^[2] On gross pathology:^[3] Polypoid or fungating exophytic lesion (right-sided colorectal tumors) Circumferential and annular lesions producing an "apple-core" appearance on barium enema x-ray (left-sided tumors).	Glandular structures, consisting of:^[4] Sheets or cords of malignant cells, Cellular atypia, Pleomorphism High mitotic rate	Biopsy and histopathological analysis
AVM^[5]
Diverticulitis^[6]			+	Fever+/- chills Nausea+/- vomiting	Leukocytosis			Evidence of inflammation Outpouchings of the colonic wall
Hemorrhoid
Anal fissure
Infectious colitis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome^[7]	+/-	+	+	Mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation (mouth, hands, and feet)^[8]^[9]^[10] Fatigue Weight loss Rectal prolapse	+	+/-	Multiple polyps ^[11] mucocutaneous pigmentation	Multiple polyps Intussusception Bowel obstruction^[12]	Barium enema PET-CT MRI	Multiple hamartomatous polyps on histological analysis^[13]^[14]	Genetic testing for STK11 Colonoscopy ^[15]
Diseases	Clinical manifestations				Para-clinical findings						Gold standard	Comments
	Symptoms				Para-clinical findings
	Symptoms				Lab Findings		Imaging			Histopathology
	Constipation/Diarrhea	Blood in stool	Abdominal pain	Other symptoms	Anemia	Tumor Markers	Colonoscopy	CT scan	Other imaging	Histopathology
Carcinoids^[16]	Diarrhea	+/-	+	Flushing^[17] Wheezing Shortness of breath Palpitations Weight gain Hirsutism Weakness Leg edema	+	Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)^[18] Chromogranin A (CgA) Other biochemical markers include: Substance P Neurotensin Bradykinin Human chorionic gonadotropin Neuropeptide L Pancreatic polypeptide	Infiltrating, ulcerating or fungating lesions in the wall of colon	Well-defined single or multiple lesions Round or ovoid in shape Variable in size ranges between 2-5 cm	PET scan MRI Ki-67 index^[19]	Solid or spongy nests of cells accentuated by neatly outlined luminal spaces ^[20] Peripheral nuclear palisading Granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.	Biopsy and histopathological analysis
Juvenile Polyposis Coli^[21]	Diarrhea	+	+	Prolapsing polyp^[22] Intussusception Macrocephalus Hypotonia	+	-	>5 juvenile polyps in the colon and rectum^[23] Multiple juvenile polyps in gastrointestinal tract	Will show multiple polyps in gastrointestinal tract	PET scan MRI	Hamartomatous polyps on histopathological analysis	Visualization of multiple polyps in gastrointestinal tract by endoscopy	Individuals who meet clinical criteria should get genetic testing germline mutation in the BMPR1A and SMAD4 genes.^[24] Increased risk of colorectal and gastric cancer^[25]
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)^[26]^[27]	+/-	+/-	+/-	Mostly asymptomatic^[28] Are discovered incidentally Non-specific symptoms Early satiety and bloating	+/-	KIT protein CD 117 antigen	Subepithelial round masses Smooth margins Normal overlying mucosa may be intact or ulcerated Bulging into gastrointestinal lumen	Study of choice Evaluate extent and dimensions Evaluate metastatic disease	MRI Endoscopic ultrasonography PET scan^[29]	Spindle cell type are eosinophilic cells arranged in the form of whorls or fascicles.^[30]^[31] Epithelioid GISTs are rounded cells with oval nuclei and vesicular chromatin and appears nested^[32] On immunohistochemical staining they are positive for molecular markers CD117 antigen and KIT protein.	Biopsy and histopathological analysis	Cytologic analysis, and immunohistochemistry for KIT protein expression confirms the diagnosis of these lesions
Hamartoms	in progress
Colorectal Lymphoma^[33]	ccomplete
Kaposi's sarcoma	complete
Ulcerative colitis^[34]	Diarrhea	+	LLQ^[34]		Vitamin B12 defi. anemia^[34] Autoimmune hemolytic anemia		Continuous lesions, presence of crypts, formation of residual mucosal tissue^[34]			Mucosal and submucosal inflammation^[34] Hemorrhage or inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells aggregate in the lamina propria Distorted crypts Crypt abscess	Endoscopy and a mucosal biopsy^[35]
Crohn's disease^[34]	Diarrhea		LRQ^[34]		Vitamin B12 defi. anemia^[34] Autoimmune hemolytic anemia		Discontinuous lesions, strictures, linear ulcerations^[34]			Transmural pattern of inflammation^[34] Mucosal damage Focal infiltration of leukocytes into the epithelium Granulomas	Endoscopy and a mucosal biopsy^[35]
Irritable bowel syndrome
Appendicitis

Diseases	Symptom 1	Symptom 2	Symptom 3	Physical exam 1	Lab 1	Lab 2	Imaging 1	Imaging 2	Imaging 3	Histopathology	Gold standard	Additional findings
Strangulated hernia

Bowel endometriosis

References

↑ Doubeni CA, Corley DA, Quinn VP, Jensen CD, Zauber AG, Goodman M, Johnson JR, Mehta SJ, Becerra TA, Zhao WK, Schottinger J, Doria-Rose VP, Levin TR, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH (February 2018). "Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from right and left colon cancer: a large community-based study". Gut. 67 (2): 291–298. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312712. PMID 27733426.
↑ Rathore, Saima; Hussain, Mutawarra; Ali, Ahmad; Khan, Asifullah (2013). "A Recent Survey on Colon Cancer Detection Techniques". IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. 10 (3): 545–563. doi:10.1109/TCBB.2013.84. ISSN 1545-5963.
↑ Weiss JM, Pfau PR, O'Connor ES, King J, LoConte N, Kennedy G; et al. (2011). "Mortality by stage for right- versus left-sided colon cancer: analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results--Medicare data". J Clin Oncol. 29 (33): 4401–9. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4414. PMC 3221523. PMID 21969498.
↑ Secco GB, Fardelli R, Campora E, Lapertosa G, Gentile R, Zoli S, Prior C (1994). "Primary mucinous adenocarcinomas and signet-ring cell carcinomas of colon and rectum". Oncology. 51 (1): 30–4. doi:10.1159/000227306. PMID 8265100.
↑ Lee HH, Kwon HM, Gil S, Kim YS, Cho M, Seo KJ, Chae HS, Cho YS (2017). "Endoscopic resection of asymptomatic, colonic, polypoid arteriovenous malformations: Two case reports and a literature review". Saudi J Gastroenterol. 23 (1): 67–70. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.199111. PMC 5329980. PMID 28139503.
↑ Shen SH, Chen JD, Tiu CM, Chou YH, Chiang JH, Chang CY, Lee CH (September 2005). "Differentiating colonic diverticulitis from colon cancer: the value of computed tomography in the emergency setting". J Chin Med Assoc. 68 (9): 411–8. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70156-X. PMID 16187597.
↑ Zhong ME, Niu BZ, Ji WY, Wu B (June 2016). "Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with synchronous rectal cancer". World J. Gastroenterol. 22 (22): 5293–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5293. PMID 27298573.
↑ Kopacova, Marcela; Tacheci, Ilja; Rejchrt, Stanislav; Bures, Jan (2009). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeuticapproach". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (43): 5397. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5397. ISSN 1007-9327.
↑ Giardiello, F; Trimbath, J (2006). "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Management Recommendations". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 4 (4): 408–415. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2005.11.005. ISSN 1542-3565.
↑ "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".
↑ "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf".
↑ "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org".
↑ "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf".
↑ Beggs, A. D.; Latchford, A. R.; Vasen, H. F. A.; Moslein, G.; Alonso, A.; Aretz, S.; Bertario, L.; Blanco, I.; Bulow, S.; Burn, J.; Capella, G.; Colas, C.; Friedl, W.; Moller, P.; Hes, F. J.; Jarvinen, H.; Mecklin, J.-P.; Nagengast, F. M.; Parc, Y.; Phillips, R. K. S.; Hyer, W.; Ponz de Leon, M.; Renkonen-Sinisalo, L.; Sampson, J. R.; Stormorken, A.; Tejpar, S.; Thomas, H. J. W.; Wijnen, J. T.; Clark, S. K.; Hodgson, S. V. (2010). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and recommendations for management". Gut. 59 (7): 975–986. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.198499. ISSN 0017-5749.
↑ Kopacova, Marcela; Tacheci, Ilja; Rejchrt, Stanislav; Bures, Jan (2009). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeuticapproach". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (43): 5397. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5397. ISSN 1007-9327.
↑ Chung TP, Hunt SR (May 2006). "Carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors of the colon and rectum". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 19 (2): 45–8. doi:10.1055/s-2006-942343. PMC 2780103. PMID 20011309.
↑ Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
↑ Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
↑ Rindi G, Falconi M, Klersy C, Albarello L, Boninsegna L, Buchler MW, Capella C, Caplin M, Couvelard A, Doglioni C, Delle Fave G, Fischer L, Fusai G, de Herder WW, Jann H, Komminoth P, de Krijger RR, La Rosa S, Luong TV, Pape U, Perren A, Ruszniewski P, Scarpa A, Schmitt A, Solcia E, Wiedenmann B (May 2012). "TNM staging of neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas: results from a large international cohort study". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 104 (10): 764–77. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs208. PMID 22525418.
↑ Fang C, Wang W, Zhang Y, Feng X, Sun J, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen M, Zhou Z, Chen J (June 2017). "Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicenter study in South China". Chin J Cancer. 36 (1): 51. doi:10.1186/s40880-017-0218-3. PMC 5480192. PMID 28637502.
↑ Grotsky HW, Rickert RR, Smith WD, Newsome JF (March 1982). "Familial juvenile polyposis coli. A clinical and pathologic study of a large kindred". Gastroenterology. 82 (3): 494–501. PMID 7054044.
↑ Brosens LA, Langeveld D, van Hattem WA, Giardiello FM, Offerhaus GJ (November 2011). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome". World J. Gastroenterol. 17 (44): 4839–44. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i44.4839. PMC 3235625. PMID 22171123.
↑ Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.
↑ Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.
↑ Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.
↑ Niazi AK, Kaley K, Saif MW (May 2014). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of colon: a case report and review of literature". Anticancer Res. 34 (5): 2547–50. PMID 24778074.
↑ Niazi AK, Kaley K, Saif MW (May 2014). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of colon: a case report and review of literature". Anticancer Res. 34 (5): 2547–50. PMID 24778074.
↑ Miettinen M, Sobin LH, Lasota J (January 2005). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 1765 cases with long-term follow-up". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 29 (1): 52–68. PMID 15613856.
↑ Kamiyama Y, Aihara R, Nakabayashi T, Mochiki E, Asao T, Kuwano H, Oriuchi N, Endo K (November 2005). "18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: useful technique for predicting malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors". World J Surg. 29 (11): 1429–35. doi:10.1007/s00268-005-0045-6. PMID 16222452.
↑ Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O'Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW (April 2002). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach". Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 10 (2): 81–9. doi:10.1177/106689690201000201. PMID 12075401.
↑ Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O'Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW (April 2002). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach". Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 10 (2): 81–9. doi:10.1177/106689690201000201. PMID 12075401.
↑ Medeiros F, Corless CL, Duensing A, Hornick JL, Oliveira AM, Heinrich MC, Fletcher JA, Fletcher CD (July 2004). "KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors: proof of concept and therapeutic implications". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 28 (7): 889–94. PMID 15223958.
↑ Quayle FJ, Lowney JK (May 2006). "Colorectal lymphoma". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 19 (2): 49–53. doi:10.1055/s-2006-942344. PMC 2780105. PMID 20011310.
↑ ^34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 ^34.3 ^34.4 ^34.5 ^34.6 ^34.7 ^34.8 ^34.9 Fakhoury M, Negrulj R, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H (2014). "Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and treatments". J Inflamm Res. 7: 113–20. doi:10.2147/JIR.S65979. PMC 4106026. PMID 25075198.
↑ ^35.0 ^35.1 Collins P, Rhodes J (August 2006). "Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and management". BMJ. 333 (7563): 340–3. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7563.340. PMC 1539087. PMID 16902215.

References

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid27733426-1] Doubeni CA, Corley DA, Quinn VP, Jensen CD, Zauber AG, Goodman M, Johnson JR, Mehta SJ, Becerra TA, Zhao WK, Schottinger J, Doria-Rose VP, Levin TR, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH (February 2018). "Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from right and left colon cancer: a large community-based study". Gut. 67 (2): 291–298. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312712. PMID 27733426.

[RathoreHussain2013-2] Rathore, Saima; Hussain, Mutawarra; Ali, Ahmad; Khan, Asifullah (2013). "A Recent Survey on Colon Cancer Detection Techniques". IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. 10 (3): 545–563. doi:10.1109/TCBB.2013.84. ISSN 1545-5963.

[pmid21969498-3] Weiss JM, Pfau PR, O'Connor ES, King J, LoConte N, Kennedy G; et al. (2011). "Mortality by stage for right- versus left-sided colon cancer: analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results--Medicare data". J Clin Oncol. 29 (33): 4401–9. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4414. PMC 3221523. PMID 21969498.

[pmid8265100-4] Secco GB, Fardelli R, Campora E, Lapertosa G, Gentile R, Zoli S, Prior C (1994). "Primary mucinous adenocarcinomas and signet-ring cell carcinomas of colon and rectum". Oncology. 51 (1): 30–4. doi:10.1159/000227306. PMID 8265100.

[pmid28139503-5] Lee HH, Kwon HM, Gil S, Kim YS, Cho M, Seo KJ, Chae HS, Cho YS (2017). "Endoscopic resection of asymptomatic, colonic, polypoid arteriovenous malformations: Two case reports and a literature review". Saudi J Gastroenterol. 23 (1): 67–70. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.199111. PMC 5329980. PMID 28139503.

[pmid16187597-6] Shen SH, Chen JD, Tiu CM, Chou YH, Chiang JH, Chang CY, Lee CH (September 2005). "Differentiating colonic diverticulitis from colon cancer: the value of computed tomography in the emergency setting". J Chin Med Assoc. 68 (9): 411–8. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70156-X. PMID 16187597.

[pmid27298573-7] Zhong ME, Niu BZ, Ji WY, Wu B (June 2016). "Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with synchronous rectal cancer". World J. Gastroenterol. 22 (22): 5293–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5293. PMID 27298573.

[KopacovaTacheci20092-8] Kopacova, Marcela; Tacheci, Ilja; Rejchrt, Stanislav; Bures, Jan (2009). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeuticapproach". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (43): 5397. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5397. ISSN 1007-9327.

[GiardielloTrimbath2006-9] Giardiello, F; Trimbath, J (2006). "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Management Recommendations". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 4 (4): 408–415. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2005.11.005. ISSN 1542-3565.

[urlPeutz-Jeghers_syndrome_|_Genetic_and_Rare_Diseases_Information_Center_(GARD)_–_an_NCATS_Program-10] "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".

[urlPeutz-Jeghers_Syndrome_-_GeneReviews®_-_NCBI_Bookshelf2-11] "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf".

[urlPeutz-Jeghers_syndrome_|_Radiology_Reference_Article_|_Radiopaedia.org-12] "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org".

[urlPeutz-Jeghers_Syndrome_-_GeneReviews®_-_NCBI_Bookshelf-13] "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf".

[BeggsLatchford2010-14] Beggs, A. D.; Latchford, A. R.; Vasen, H. F. A.; Moslein, G.; Alonso, A.; Aretz, S.; Bertario, L.; Blanco, I.; Bulow, S.; Burn, J.; Capella, G.; Colas, C.; Friedl, W.; Moller, P.; Hes, F. J.; Jarvinen, H.; Mecklin, J.-P.; Nagengast, F. M.; Parc, Y.; Phillips, R. K. S.; Hyer, W.; Ponz de Leon, M.; Renkonen-Sinisalo, L.; Sampson, J. R.; Stormorken, A.; Tejpar, S.; Thomas, H. J. W.; Wijnen, J. T.; Clark, S. K.; Hodgson, S. V. (2010). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and recommendations for management". Gut. 59 (7): 975–986. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.198499. ISSN 0017-5749.

[KopacovaTacheci20093-15] Kopacova, Marcela; Tacheci, Ilja; Rejchrt, Stanislav; Bures, Jan (2009). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeuticapproach". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (43): 5397. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5397. ISSN 1007-9327.

[pmid20011309-16] Chung TP, Hunt SR (May 2006). "Carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors of the colon and rectum". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 19 (2): 45–8. doi:10.1055/s-2006-942343. PMC 2780103. PMID 20011309.

[symptoms-17] Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq

[diagnostics-18] Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq

[pmid22525418-19] Rindi G, Falconi M, Klersy C, Albarello L, Boninsegna L, Buchler MW, Capella C, Caplin M, Couvelard A, Doglioni C, Delle Fave G, Fischer L, Fusai G, de Herder WW, Jann H, Komminoth P, de Krijger RR, La Rosa S, Luong TV, Pape U, Perren A, Ruszniewski P, Scarpa A, Schmitt A, Solcia E, Wiedenmann B (May 2012). "TNM staging of neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas: results from a large international cohort study". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 104 (10): 764–77. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs208. PMID 22525418.

[pmid28637502-20] Fang C, Wang W, Zhang Y, Feng X, Sun J, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen M, Zhou Z, Chen J (June 2017). "Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicenter study in South China". Chin J Cancer. 36 (1): 51. doi:10.1186/s40880-017-0218-3. PMC 5480192. PMID 28637502.

[pmid7054044-21] Grotsky HW, Rickert RR, Smith WD, Newsome JF (March 1982). "Familial juvenile polyposis coli. A clinical and pathologic study of a large kindred". Gastroenterology. 82 (3): 494–501. PMID 7054044.

[pmid22171123-22] Brosens LA, Langeveld D, van Hattem WA, Giardiello FM, Offerhaus GJ (November 2011). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome". World J. Gastroenterol. 17 (44): 4839–44. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i44.4839. PMC 3235625. PMID 22171123.

[pmid22965402-23] Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.

[pmid229654022-24] Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.

[pmid229654023-25] Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.

[pmid24778074-26] Niazi AK, Kaley K, Saif MW (May 2014). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of colon: a case report and review of literature". Anticancer Res. 34 (5): 2547–50. PMID 24778074.

[pmid247780742-27] Niazi AK, Kaley K, Saif MW (May 2014). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of colon: a case report and review of literature". Anticancer Res. 34 (5): 2547–50. PMID 24778074.

[pmid15613856-28] Miettinen M, Sobin LH, Lasota J (January 2005). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 1765 cases with long-term follow-up". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 29 (1): 52–68. PMID 15613856.

[pmid16222452-29] Kamiyama Y, Aihara R, Nakabayashi T, Mochiki E, Asao T, Kuwano H, Oriuchi N, Endo K (November 2005). "18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: useful technique for predicting malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors". World J Surg. 29 (11): 1429–35. doi:10.1007/s00268-005-0045-6. PMID 16222452.

[pmid12075401-30] Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O'Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW (April 2002). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach". Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 10 (2): 81–9. doi:10.1177/106689690201000201. PMID 12075401.

[pmid120754012-31] Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O'Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW (April 2002). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach". Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 10 (2): 81–9. doi:10.1177/106689690201000201. PMID 12075401.

[pmid15223958-32] Medeiros F, Corless CL, Duensing A, Hornick JL, Oliveira AM, Heinrich MC, Fletcher JA, Fletcher CD (July 2004). "KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors: proof of concept and therapeutic implications". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 28 (7): 889–94. PMID 15223958.

[pmid20011310-33] Quayle FJ, Lowney JK (May 2006). "Colorectal lymphoma". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 19 (2): 49–53. doi:10.1055/s-2006-942344. PMC 2780105. PMID 20011310.

[pmid25075198-34] 34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 ^34.3 ^34.4 ^34.5 ^34.6 ^34.7 ^34.8 ^34.9 Fakhoury M, Negrulj R, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H (2014). "Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and treatments". J Inflamm Res. 7: 113–20. doi:10.2147/JIR.S65979. PMC 4106026. PMID 25075198.

[pmid16902215-35] 35.0 ^35.1 Collins P, Rhodes J (August 2006). "Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and management". BMJ. 333 (7563): 340–3. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7563.340. PMC 1539087. PMID 16902215.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

Small intestine cancer differential diagnosis

Overview

Differential Diagnosis

tab

References

References

Navigation menu