Sacrococcygeal teratoma echocardiography or ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]

Overview

Ultrasound is used to diagnose sacrococcygeal teratoma in second trimester.[1] Mature sacrococcygeal teratomas tend to be cystic, showing anechoic component. Immature sacrococcygeal teratomas are much rare and solid type, showing echogenic mass within the pelvis.[2] Echocardiography identifies high output cardiac state preceding hydrops fetalis.[3]

Key Ultrasound Findings in Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

  • Prenatal ultrasound, is used in second trimester.[1]
  • Sacrococcygeal teratoma presents as a mass near the distal spine.
  • Sacrococcygeal teratoma having an external component may appear as a fluid-filled cyst or a solid mass sticking out from the body of the fetus.[4]
  • Sonography may show tumor growth obstructing the bladder outlet and causing hydronephrosis.
  • Prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratomas are mostly Altman I or II.
  • Serial ultrasound evaluation of fetus, placenta and tumor is recommended to follow up on size and solid proportion of the tumor.

Key Echocardiography Findings in Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

  • Fetal echocardiography is recommended in patients with solid or vascular tumors.[3]
  • Echocardiography identifies high output cardiac state preceding hydrops fetalis.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Wilson RD, Hedrick H, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Bebbington MW, Mann S, Rychik J, Liechty K, Adzick NS (2009). "Sacrococcygeal teratomas: prenatal surveillance, growth and pregnancy outcome". Fetal. Diagn. Ther. 25 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1159/000188056.
  2. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/sacrococcygeal-teratoma
  3. 3.0 3.1 Adzick NS (2010). "Open fetal surgery for life-threatening fetal anomalies". Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 15 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2009.05.003. PMID 19540178.
  4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrococcygeal_teratoma#Diagnosis

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