Carcinoid syndrome staging
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Staging
Definitions of TNM
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has designated staging by TNM classification to define neuroendocrine tumors
Neuroendocrine Tumors: Stomach
T | Primary tumor |
---|---|
TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
T0 | No evidence of primary tumor |
Tis | Carcinoma in situ/dysplasia (tumor size <0.5 mm), confined to mucosa |
T1 | Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and ≤1 cm in size |
T2 | Tumor invades muscularis propria or >1 cm in size |
T3 | Tumor penetrates subserosa |
T4 | Tumor invades visceral peritoneum (serosal) or other organs or adjacent structures |
For any T, add (m) for multiple tumors |
N | Regional Lymph Nodes |
---|---|
NX | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
N1 | Regional lymph node metastasis |
M | Distant Metastases |
---|---|
M0 | No distant metastases |
M1 | Distant metastasis |
Neuroendocrine Tumors: Colon or Rectum
T | Primary tumor |
---|---|
TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
T0 | No evidence of primary tumor |
T1 | Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and size ≤2 cm |
T1a | Tumor size <1 cm in greatest dimension |
T1b | Tumor size 1–2 cm in greatest dimension |
T2 | Tumor invades muscularis propria or size >2 cm with invasion of lamina propria or submucosa |
T3 | Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues |
T4 | Tumor invades peritoneum or other organs |
For any T, add (m) for multiple tumors |
N | Regional Lymph Nodes |
---|---|
NX | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
N1 | Regional lymph node metastasis |
M | Distant Metastases |
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M0 | No distant metastases |
M1 | Distant metastasis |