Abnormalities in micturition
Micturation Abnormalities Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Classification
- There is no established system for the classification of abnormalities in micturition.
Causes
- The causes of abnormalities in micturition includes causes of dysuria and incontinence:
Abnormalities of Micturition Differential Diagnosis
Differentiating the diseases that can cause abnormality in micturition:
Abbreviations: N= Normal, UTI= Urinary tract infection, CBC= Complete blood count, CT= Computed tomography, IBS= Irritable bowel syndrome, DRE= Digital rectal examination, HSV= Herpes simplex virus,
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | Physical examination | ||||||||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | ||||||||||||||||||
Fever | Urinary symptoms | Supra-pubic tenderness | Skin lesions | Other | CBC | Electrolytes | Urinalysis | Ultrasonography | CT scan | Other | |||||||||
Dysuria | Frequency | Dribbling | Hesitancy | Nocturia | |||||||||||||||
Inflammatory | Dermatological disorders | Lichen sclerosus[1] | – | + | – | – | + | – | – | Lichenified plaques | – | N | N | often shows UTI in women | N | N | N | Biopsy | |
Behcet's syndrome[2][3][4] | – | + | + | – | + | + | – | aphthous ulcer in mouth | N | N | N | N | N | N | None |
| |||
Infectious diseases | Cystitis[5][6] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | N | – | Leukopenia | N |
|
|
N | Urine culture to sensitivity | |||
Urethritis[7][8][9] | + | + | + | – | + | – | + |
|
– | Leukocytosis | N | ||||||||
Pyelonephritis | + | + | + | – | – | + | ± | N | Urgency | Leukocytosis | |||||||||
Diseases | Fever | Dysuria | Frequency | Dribbling | Hesitancy | Nocturia | Suprapubic tenderness | Skin lesions | Other | CBC | Electrolytes | Urinalysis | Ultrasonography | CT scan | Other | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||
Vulvovaginitis | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | ||||||||||||
Cervicitis | + | ± | + | ± | – | – | + | ||||||||||||
Prostatitis | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||
Epididymoorchitis | + | + | – | + | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
Non-inflammatory | Anatomic | Urethral stricture | – | ||||||||||||||||
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | ||||||||||||
Drug | Spermicides | – | |||||||||||||||||
Cyclophosphamide | – | + | |||||||||||||||||
Endocrine disorders | Atrophic vaginitis | – | |||||||||||||||||
Endometriosis | – | + | |||||||||||||||||
Malignancy | Bladder cancer | – | – | ||||||||||||||||
Vulvovaginal cancer | ± | – | |||||||||||||||||
Iatrogenic | Genitourinary instrumentation | + | – | ||||||||||||||||
Pelvic irradiation | – | ||||||||||||||||||
Trauma | ± | ± |
References
- ↑ Ventolini G, Patel R, Vasquez R (2015). "Lichen sclerosus: a potpourri of misdiagnosed cases based on atypical clinical presentations". Int J Womens Health. 7: 511–5. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S82879. PMC 4431497. PMID 26056492.
- ↑ Theodorou C, Floratos D, Hatzinicolaou P, Vaiopoulos G (August 1999). "Neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to Behçet's disease". Int. J. Urol. 6 (8): 423–5. PMID 10466456.
- ↑ Porru D, Pau AC, Scarpa RM, Zanolla L, Cao A, Usai E (May 1996). "Behçet's disease and the neuropathic bladder: urodynamic features: case report and a literature review". Spinal Cord. 34 (5): 305–7. PMID 8963981.
- ↑ Cetinel B, Akpinar H, Tüfek I, Uygun N, Solok V, Yazici H (January 1999). "Bladder involvement in Behçet's syndrome". J. Urol. 161 (1): 52–6. PMID 10037367.
- ↑ Grover S, Srivastava A, Lee R, Tewari AK, Te AE (February 2011). "Role of inflammation in bladder function and interstitial cystitis". Ther Adv Urol. 3 (1): 19–33. doi:10.1177/1756287211398255. PMC 3126088. PMID 21789096.
- ↑ Eken A, Alma E (2013). "Emphysematous cystitis: The role of CT imaging and appropriate treatment". Can Urol Assoc J. 7 (11–12): E754–6. doi:10.5489/cuaj.472. PMC 3840514. PMID 24282470.
- ↑ Glicksman, Joseph M. (1967). "Gonococcal Skin Lesions". Archives of Dermatology. 96 (1): 74. doi:10.1001/archderm.1967.01610010080015. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ↑ Siboulet, A. (1955). "Inclusion Bodies in Non-Gonococcal Urethritis, also Skin Lesions with Inclusions". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 31 (4): 235–237. doi:10.1136/sti.31.4.235. ISSN 1368-4973.
- ↑ Tsai, Chia-Chun; Li, Ching-Chia (2013). "Nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis in men". Urological Science. 24 (3): 73–77. doi:10.1016/j.urols.2013.06.001. ISSN 1879-5226.