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Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are [[fever]], [[sore throat]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|swollen lymph glands]]. Sometimes, a [[splenomegaly]] or [[hepatomegaly]] may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and [[infectious mononucleosis]] is almost never fatal. There are no known associations between active EBV infection and problems during pregnancy, such as miscarriages or birth defects. Although the symptoms of [[infectious mononucleosis]] usually resolve in 1 or 2 months, [[EBV]] remains dormant or latent in a few cells in the throat and blood for the rest of the person's life. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. This reactivation usually occurs without symptoms of illness.
Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are [[fever]], [[sore throat]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|swollen lymph glands]]. Sometimes, a [[splenomegaly]] or [[hepatomegaly]] may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and [[infectious mononucleosis]] is almost never fatal. There are no known associations between active EBV infection and problems during pregnancy, such as miscarriages or birth defects. Although the symptoms of [[infectious mononucleosis]] usually resolve in 1 or 2 months, [[EBV]] remains dormant or latent in a few cells in the throat and blood for the rest of the person's life. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. This reactivation usually occurs without symptoms of illness.


==Active EBV Infection: Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
===Asymptomatic===
 
===Active EBV Infection===
====Asymptomatic====
*In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic.
*In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic.
*Majority of adults infected with ''mono'' also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection.
*Majority of adults infected with ''mono'' also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection.


===Initial Prodrome===
====Initial Prodrome====
*Incubation period: 1-2 months
*Incubation period: 1-2 months


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:*[[Myalgia]] (only in cases of severe high-grade [[fever]])
:*[[Myalgia]] (only in cases of severe high-grade [[fever]])


===Atypical Rare Presentations===
====Atypical Rare Presentations====
*Neurological involvement:
*Neurological involvement:
:*[[Encephalitis physical examination|Encephalitis]]
:*[[Encephalitis physical examination|Encephalitis]]
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:*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
:*[[Glomerulonephritis]]


==Chronic EBV Infection: Symptoms==
===Chronic EBV Infections===
*The course of the disease can also be chronic presenting with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] which is a variant of mononucleosis
*The course of the disease can also be chronic presenting with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] which is a variant of mononucleosis


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*However, the above mentioned symptoms need to be present for months or years to be classified as [[EBV|chronic EBV syndrome]] or [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].
*However, the above mentioned symptoms need to be present for months or years to be classified as [[EBV|chronic EBV syndrome]] or [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].
==Related Chapters==
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome history and symptoms]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 14:07, 20 December 2012

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. Sometimes, a splenomegaly or hepatomegaly may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and infectious mononucleosis is almost never fatal. There are no known associations between active EBV infection and problems during pregnancy, such as miscarriages or birth defects. Although the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis usually resolve in 1 or 2 months, EBV remains dormant or latent in a few cells in the throat and blood for the rest of the person's life. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. This reactivation usually occurs without symptoms of illness.

History and Symptoms

Active EBV Infection

Asymptomatic

  • In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic.
  • Majority of adults infected with mono also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection.

Initial Prodrome

  • Incubation period: 1-2 months
  • Common symptoms include:
  • Other symptoms that have been described in patients with EBV infection include:
  • Uncommon symptoms include:

Atypical Rare Presentations

  • Neurological involvement:
  • Cardiac involvement:
  • Abdominal involvement:

Chronic EBV Infections

  • The course of the disease can also be chronic presenting with chronic fatigue syndrome which is a variant of mononucleosis

References

  1. Chapman AL, Watkin R, Ellis CJ (2002). "Abdominal pain in acute infectious mononucleosis". BMJ. 324 (7338): 660–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7338.660. PMID 11895827.


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