Metabolic alkalosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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===Common Risk Factors=== | ===Common Risk Factors=== | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis in patients who have conditions include: | *Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis in patients who have conditions include: | ||
**[[Vomiting]] (most commonly seen in [[pyloric stenosis]]), [[Nasogastric tube|NG suction]] | |||
**[[Diuretic|Diuretics]]: [[Loop diuretic|Loop]] and [[thiazide diuretics]]. | **[[Diuretic|Diuretics]]: [[Loop diuretic|Loop]] and [[thiazide diuretics]]. | ||
**[[Diarrhea]] | **[[Diarrhea]] | ||
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**[[Mineralocorticoid]] excess due to primary decorticosterone excess ([[11β-hydroxylase deficiency|11 beta]], [[17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency|17 alpha hydroxylase deficienc]]<nowiki/>y), [[licorice]]([[glycyrrhetinic acid]]) <ref name="pmid1731223">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lifton RP, Dluhy RG, Powers M, Rich GM, Cook S, Ulick S, Lalouel JM |title=A chimaeric 11 beta-hydroxylase/aldosterone synthase gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension |journal=Nature |volume=355 |issue=6357 |pages=262–5 |date=January 1992 |pmid=1731223 |doi=10.1038/355262a0 |url=}} | **[[Mineralocorticoid]] excess due to primary decorticosterone excess ([[11β-hydroxylase deficiency|11 beta]], [[17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency|17 alpha hydroxylase deficienc]]<nowiki/>y), [[licorice]]([[glycyrrhetinic acid]]) <ref name="pmid1731223">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lifton RP, Dluhy RG, Powers M, Rich GM, Cook S, Ulick S, Lalouel JM |title=A chimaeric 11 beta-hydroxylase/aldosterone synthase gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension |journal=Nature |volume=355 |issue=6357 |pages=262–5 |date=January 1992 |pmid=1731223 |doi=10.1038/355262a0 |url=}} | ||
**[[Laxative]] | **[[Laxative]] | ||
**[[Chronic kidney disease]] | **[[Chronic kidney disease]] | ||
**[[Hypovolemia]] or [[Diuresis|massive diuresis]] with [[loop diuretics]]. | **[[Hypovolemia]] or [[Diuresis|massive diuresis]] with [[loop diuretics]]. | ||
**[[Hypercalcemia]] due to [[Milk-alkali syndrome]] or [[bone metastasis]]. | **[[Hypercalcemia]] due to [[Milk-alkali syndrome]] or [[bone metastasis]]. | ||
**Massive [[blood transfusion]]. | **Massive [[blood transfusion]]. | ||
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===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ||
*Less common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include: | *Less common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include: | ||
** [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger-ellison]] syndrome, [[Bulimia nervosa|Bulimia]].<ref name="pmid1928424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Galla JH, Gifford JD, Luke RG, Rome L |title=Adaptations to chloride-depletion alkalosis |journal=Am J Physiol |volume=261 |issue=4 Pt 2 |pages=R771–81 |date=October 1991 |pmid=1928424 |doi=10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.4.R771 |url=}}</ref> | ** [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger-ellison]] syndrome, [[Bulimia nervosa|Bulimia]].<ref name="pmid1928424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Galla JH, Gifford JD, Luke RG, Rome L |title=Adaptations to chloride-depletion alkalosis |journal=Am J Physiol |volume=261 |issue=4 Pt 2 |pages=R771–81 |date=October 1991 |pmid=1928424 |doi=10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.4.R771 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Chloride]] deficient [[Infant formula|infant formula.]] | **[[Chloride]] deficient [[Infant formula|infant formula.]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marufa Marium, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and gitelman Disease.
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and Gitelman Disease.
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis in patients who have conditions include:
- Vomiting (most commonly seen in pyloric stenosis), NG suction
- Diuretics: Loop and thiazide diuretics.
- Diarrhea
- Cystic fibrosis.[1]
- Dietary potassium depletion.[2]
- Primary hyperaldosteronism: Conn syndrome or adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma, renin or glucocorticoid responsive.
- Secondary hyperaldosteronism: Reno vascular hypertension, edema (cirrhosis, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome), juxtaglomerular cell(renin producing) tumor, renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma
- Mineralocorticoid excess due to primary decorticosterone excess (11 beta, 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency), licorice(glycyrrhetinic acid)
- Chloride deficient infant formula.
- Villous adenoma[3]
- congenital chloride diarrhea[4]
- Bartter and Gitelman syndrome. [5]
- liddle syndrome</ref> [6]
- hemangiopericytoma
- Gastrocystoplasty [7]
- Post hypercapneic metabolic alkalosis.
References
- ↑ Pedroli G, Liechti-Gallati S, Mauri S, Birrer P, Kraemer R, Foletti-Jäggi C, Bianchetti MG (1995). "Chronic metabolic alkalosis: not uncommon in young children with severe cystic fibrosis". Am J Nephrol. 15 (3): 245–50. doi:10.1159/000168839. PMID 7618650.
- ↑ Sabatini S (March 1996). "The cellular basis of metabolic alkalosis". Kidney Int. 49 (3): 906–17. doi:10.1038/ki.1996.125. PMID 8648937.
- ↑ Babior BM (October 1966). "Villous adenoma of the colon. Study of a patient with severe fluid and electrolyte disturbances". Am J Med. 41 (4): 615–21. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(66)90223-3. PMID 5927076.
- ↑ Höglund P, Haila S, Socha J, Tomaszewski L, Saarialho-Kere U, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Airola K, Holmberg C, de la Chapelle A, Kere J (November 1996). "Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea". Nat Genet. 14 (3): 316–9. doi:10.1038/ng1196-316. PMID 8896562.
- ↑ Kurtz I (October 1998). "Molecular pathogenesis of Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes". Kidney Int. 54 (4): 1396–410. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00124.x. PMID 9767561.
- ↑ Warnock DG (January 1998). "Liddle syndrome: an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension". Kidney Int. 53 (1): 18–24. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00728.x. PMID 9452995.
- ↑ Plawker MW, Rabinowitz SS, Etwaru DJ, Glassberg KI (August 1995). "Hypergastrinemia, dysuria-hematuria and metabolic alkalosis: complications associated with gastrocystoplasty". J Urol. 154 (2 Pt 1): 546–9. doi:10.1097/00005392-199508000-00066. PMID 7609133.