Loefflers syndrome pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 23:50, 14 May 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

It is understood that Löffler syndrome is the result of transpulmonary passage of helminth larvae. Helminths, with a pulmonary life cycle are responsible for this syndrome, among them are Ascaris.lumbricoides, Ascaris. suum, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Strongyloides stercoralis.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

It is understood that Löffler syndrome is the result of transpulmonary passage of helminth larvae. Helminths, with a pulmonary life cycle are responsible for this syndrome, among them are Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Strongyloides stercoralis.
Pathogen is usually transmitted via the oral route (Ascaris) or penetrate skin (Necator) to the human host.
Following transmission/ingestion, infecting larvae reach the lungs via the bloodstream, penetrate into alveoli, mature, and ascend the airways before descending the alimentary tract into the small bowel
Ascaris is the most common cause of Löffler syndrome worldwide. On the other hand, migrating larvae of hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus) and Strongyloides are less likely to elicit symptoms or pulmonary eosinophilia.

Genetics

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

[Condition 1]
[Condition 2]
[Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

References

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 *Following transmission/ingestion, infecting larvae reach the lungs via the bloodstream, penetrate into alveoli, mature, and ascend the airways before descending the alimentary tract into the small bowel
 *''Ascaris'' is the most common cause of Löffler syndrome worldwide. On the other hand, migrating larvae of hookworms (''Ancylostoma duodenale'', ''Necator americanus'') and ''Strongyloides'' are less likely to elicit symptoms or pulmonary eosinophilia.
-*
-(picture 1).
-The chest radiograph may show round or oval opacities ranging in size from several millimeters to several centimeters in both lung fields; these lesions are more likely to be present when blood eosinophilia exceeds 10 percent. The opacities are migratory and may become confluent in perihilar areas but usually clear spontaneously and completely after several weeks.
-Definitive diagnosis of ascariasis at the time of pulmonary symptoms requires detection of ''Ascaris'', ''Strongyloides'', or hookworm larvae in the respiratory secretions. Stool examinations are generally negative at the time of pulmonary symptoms and thus not useful in the diagnosis of Löffler syndrome.
 ==Genetics==
-[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
+*
-OR
-Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:
-*[Gene1]
-*[Gene2]
-*[Gene3]
-OR
-The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:
-*[Mutation 1]
-*[Mutation 2]
-*[Mutation 3]
 ==Associated Conditions==