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Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharynx, manifested by sore throat. It is a [[pain and nociception|painful]] inflammation of the [[pharynx]], and is colloquially referred to as a sore throat. Infection of the tonsils, [[tonsillitis]] may occur simultaneously.<ref name="CDCPharyngitis">Acute Pharyngitis - Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/materials-references/print-materials/hcp/adult-acute-pharyngitis.html July 28, 2016 </ref> Sore throat is one of the most common reasons for visits to physicians.<ref name="pmid15053411">Vincent MT, Celestin N, Hussain AN (2004) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15053411 Pharyngitis.] ''Am Fam Physician'' 69 (6):1465-70. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/15053411 15053411]</ref> It is usually caused by viruses but may be caused by bacterial or fungal etiology. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or particularly extraesophageal reflux (EER) can also cause an acid pharyngitis in adults and children.<ref>{{cite book | last = Cohen | first = J | title = Infectious diseases | publisher = Mosby/Elsevier | location = Edinburgh | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0323045797 }}</ref> | Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharynx, manifested by sore throat. It is a [[pain and nociception|painful]] inflammation of the [[pharynx]], and is colloquially referred to as a sore throat. Infection of the tonsils, [[tonsillitis]] may occur simultaneously.<ref name="CDCPharyngitis">Acute Pharyngitis - Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/materials-references/print-materials/hcp/adult-acute-pharyngitis.html July 28, 2016 </ref> Sore throat is one of the most common reasons for visits to physicians.<ref name="pmid15053411">Vincent MT, Celestin N, Hussain AN (2004) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15053411 Pharyngitis.] ''Am Fam Physician'' 69 (6):1465-70. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/15053411 15053411]</ref> It is usually caused by viruses but may be caused by bacterial or fungal etiology. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or particularly extraesophageal reflux (EER) can also cause an acid pharyngitis in adults and children.<ref>{{cite book | last = Cohen | first = J | title = Infectious diseases | publisher = Mosby/Elsevier | location = Edinburgh | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0323045797 }}</ref> | ||
== | == Diagnosi== | ||
* Essential to diagnosis is the identification of treatable causes (e.g., Group A streptococcus) to prevent complications.s<ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | |||
* Signs and symptoms of [[Group A streptococcal infection|GAS]] pharyngitis include acute onset of sore throat with tonsillar or pharyngeal exudates, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and fever. | * Signs and symptoms of [[Group A streptococcal infection|GAS]] pharyngitis include acute onset of sore throat with tonsillar or pharyngeal exudates, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and fever. | ||
Revision as of 20:25, 27 December 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharynx, manifested by sore throat. It is a painful inflammation of the pharynx, and is colloquially referred to as a sore throat. Infection of the tonsils, tonsillitis may occur simultaneously.[1] Sore throat is one of the most common reasons for visits to physicians.[2] It is usually caused by viruses but may be caused by bacterial or fungal etiology. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or particularly extraesophageal reflux (EER) can also cause an acid pharyngitis in adults and children.[3]
Diagnosi
- Essential to diagnosis is the identification of treatable causes (e.g., Group A streptococcus) to prevent complications.s[4]
- Signs and symptoms of GAS pharyngitis include acute onset of sore throat with tonsillar or pharyngeal exudates, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and fever.
- Signs and symptoms consistent with viral etiologies include conjunctivitis, coryza, oral ulcers, cough, and diarrhea.
- Testing for GAS pharyngitis should not be pursued in those with signs and symptoms indicative of a viral etiology.
- Rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) alone are sufficient for the diagnosis of GAS in adults, but negative results should be backed up by throat culture in children.
- Specific techniques should be used to identify other causes where appropriate.
References
- ↑ Acute Pharyngitis - Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/materials-references/print-materials/hcp/adult-acute-pharyngitis.html July 28, 2016
- ↑ Vincent MT, Celestin N, Hussain AN (2004) Pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 69 (6):1465-70. PMID: 15053411
- ↑ Cohen, J (2010). Infectious diseases. Edinburgh: Mosby/Elsevier. ISBN 978-0323045797.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.