Rhabdomyolysis causes: Difference between revisions

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===Causes by Pathophysiology===
===Causes by Pathophysiology===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 35%;" | '''Mechanical Causes'''
! style="width: 30%;" | '''Physical causes'''
! style="width: 35%;" | '''Chemical causes'''
|-
| valign = top |
*[[Burns]]
*[[Choreoathetosis]]
*[[Compartment syndrome]]
*Compression by a [[tourniquet]] left for too long
*[[Crush injury]]
*[[Exertion|Excessive exertion]]
*[[Seizure|Intractable convulsions]]
*Local muscle compression due to [[coma]]tose states
*Rigidity due to [[neuroleptic malignant syndrome]]
*[[Surgery]]
| valign = top |
*[[Electric current]]
*Extreme physical exertion (although most heavy exercise does not cause kidney damage)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Clarkson P, Kearns A, Rouzier P, Rubin R, Thompson P |title=Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage |journal=Med Sci Sports Exerc |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=623-7 |year=2006 |pmid=16679975}}</ref>
*High [[fever]] or [[hyperthermia]]
| valign = top |
*[[Alcohol|Alcoholic beverage]]
*[[Anoxia]] of the muscle (e.g., [[Bywaters' syndrome]], toxin- and drug-related)
*[[Antibiotics]]
*Any drug that directly or indirectly impairs the production or use of [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP) by skeletal muscle, or increases energy requirements so as to exceed ATP production, can cause rhabdomyolysis.<ref name="pmid17344731">{{cite journal |author=Larbi EB |title=Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis |journal=Annals of Saudi medicine |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=525–30 |year=1998 |pmid=17344731 |doi= |url=http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/annals/186/98-069.html}}</ref>
*Certain mushrooms like ''[[Tricholoma equestre]]''
*[[Electrolyte abnormalities]]
*[[Endocrinopathy]]
*[[H1 antagonist|First-generation H1-receptor antagonists]] (e.g., [[diphenhydramine]])
*Heritable muscle enzyme deficiencies
*[[Metabolic disorder]]s,
*[[Skeletal muscle relaxant]] that are consumed in overdose are rarely associated with this condition.<ref name="pmid16846511">{{cite journal |author=Chabria SB |title=Rhabdomyolysis: a manifestation of cyclobenzaprine toxicity |journal=Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) |volume=1 |issue= |pages=16 |year=2006 |pmid=16846511 |doi=10.1186/1745-6673-1-16 |url=http://www.occup-med.com/content/1/1/16}}</ref>
*[[Statin]]
*Various animal toxins
* [[Theophylline]]
|}
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Revision as of 18:02, 21 November 2016

Rhabdomyolysis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Injuries leading to rhabdomyolysis can be due to mechanical, physical, and chemical causes.

Causes

Life-Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Pathophysiology

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rhadomyolysis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Traumatic or Muscle Compression
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non - Traumatic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Traumatic
Exertional
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Traumatic
Non-Exertional
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non - Traumatic Exertional Rhadomyolysis in a Normal Muscle
 
 
 
 
 
Non - Traumatic Exertional Rhadomyolysis in an Abnormal Muscle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crush injury
Coma
Post ictal state
Post - Operative Surgical trauma
Electrical InjuryCompartment Syndrome
Immobilizaion
 
Exertional Heat Stroke
Sickle cell trait
Hyperkinetic States Such as
* Grand mal Seizures
* Delirium tremens
* Psychotic agitation
* Amphetamine Overdose
 
 
Metabolic myopathies
Mitochondrial myopathies
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
 
 
 
❑ Drugs and toxins
Infections
Electrolyte abnormalities
Endocrinopathies
Inflammatory myopathies
❑ Miscellaneous
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Traumatic Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in an Abnormal Muscle
Metabolic myopathies Mitochondrial myopathies Malignant hyperthermia Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Disorders of glycogenolysis

Disorders of glycolysis

Disorders of lipid metabolism

Disorders of purine metabolism

Other defects

Volatile anesthetic agent

Depolarising Neuro-Muscular Blocker

Neuroleptics

Antiemetic agents

Anti Parkison drug withdrawl

Drugs and toxins Infections Electrolyte abnormalities Endocrinopathies Inflammatory myopathies Miscellaneous

DRUGS CAUSING DIRECT MYOTOXICITY

DRUGS CAUSING AN IMMUNOLOGICALLY MEDIATED MYOPATHY

Toxins

Viral infections

Bacterial infections

References

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