Kaposi's sarcoma overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Kaposi's sarcoma was first described by Dr. Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian [[dermatologist]] at the University of Vienna, in the year 1872.<ref name="a">{{cite journal |last=Kaposi|first=M |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1872 |month= |title=Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut |journal=Arch. Dermatol. Syph. |volume=4 |issue= |pages=265-273 |id= |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="wiki">Kaposi's sarcoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi's_sarcoma Accessed on January, 17 2015</ref><ref name="radio"> Kaposi's Sarcoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/kaposi-sarcoma Accessed on January, 19 2016</ref> | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Kaposi's sarcoma may be classified according to the clinical setting into five subtypess: classic Kaposi's sarcoma, African cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma, African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma, immunosuppression-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.<ref name="wiki">Kaposi's sarcoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi's_sarcoma Accessed on January, 17 2015</ref> | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Kaposi's sarcoma arises from [[endothelial cell]]s, which are [[epithelial cell]]s that normally lines the luminal surface of [[blood vessel]]s and [[lymphatic]] vessels.<ref name="pmid23806158">{{cite journal| author=Ruocco E, Ruocco V, Tornesello ML, Gambardella A, Wolf R, Buonaguro FM| title=Kaposi's sarcoma: etiology and pathogenesis, inducing factors, causal associations, and treatments: facts and controversies. | journal=Clin Dermatol | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 4 | pages= 413-22 | pmid=23806158 | doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.01.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23806158 }} </ref><ref name="patho2"> Kaposi's Sarcoma. PathologyOutlines (2015) http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocytickaposisarcoma.html Accessed on January, 19 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Kaposi's sarcoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi's_sarcoma Accessed on January, 17 2015</ref> Kaposi's sarcoma is mainly caused by an [[infection]] with Human herpes virus 8 ([[HHV-8]]), which is also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). The main [[gene]] involved in the pathogensis of Kaposi's sarcoma is ORF73 gene, which encodes the viral latency-associated [[nuclear]] [[antigen]] (LANA-1).<ref name="pmid23698402">{{cite journal| author=Toth Z, Brulois K, Jung JU| title=The chromatin landscape of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | journal=Viruses | year= 2013 | volume= 5 | issue= 5 | pages= 1346-73 | pmid=23698402 | doi=10.3390/v5051346 | pmc=PMC3712311 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23698402 }} </ref> Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome ([[AIDS]]). On gross pathology, reddish, violaceous, or bluish-black [[macule]]s and patches are characteristic findings of Kaposi's sarcoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis the presence of [[spindle cell]]s with minimal nuclear atypia are characteristic findings of Kaposi's sarcoma.<ref name="pmid25375885">{{cite journal| author=Rossetto CC, Pari GS| title=PAN's Labyrinth: Molecular biology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) PAN RNA, a multifunctional long noncoding RNA. | journal=Viruses | year= 2014 | volume= 6 | issue= 11 | pages= 4212-26 | pmid=25375885 | doi=10.3390/v6114212 | pmc=PMC4246217 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25375885 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23685018">{{cite journal| author=Cancian L, Hansen A, Boshoff C| title=Cellular origin of Kaposi's sarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced cell reprogramming. | journal=Trends Cell Biol | year= 2013 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 421-32 | pmid=23685018 | doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23685018 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25068226">{{cite journal| author=Zattra E Coati I, Alaibac M, Piaserico S| title=Kaposi's sarcoma and other rare skin cancers in organ transplant patients. | journal=G Ital Dermatol Venereol | year= 2014 | volume= 149 | issue= 4 | pages= 395-400 | pmid=25068226 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25068226 }} </ref><ref name="radio"> Kaposi's Sarcoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/kaposi-sarcoma Accessed on January, 19 2016</ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
==Differentiating Kaposi's sarcoma from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Kaposi's sarcoma from other Diseases== | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Revision as of 19:43, 21 January 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Historical Perspective
Kaposi's sarcoma was first described by Dr. Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist at the University of Vienna, in the year 1872.[1][2][3]
Classification
Kaposi's sarcoma may be classified according to the clinical setting into five subtypess: classic Kaposi's sarcoma, African cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma, African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma, immunosuppression-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.[2]
Pathophysiology
Kaposi's sarcoma arises from endothelial cells, which are epithelial cells that normally lines the luminal surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.[4][5][2] Kaposi's sarcoma is mainly caused by an infection with Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), which is also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). The main gene involved in the pathogensis of Kaposi's sarcoma is ORF73 gene, which encodes the viral latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1).[6] Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). On gross pathology, reddish, violaceous, or bluish-black macules and patches are characteristic findings of Kaposi's sarcoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis the presence of spindle cells with minimal nuclear atypia are characteristic findings of Kaposi's sarcoma.[7][8][9][3]
Causes
Differentiating Kaposi's sarcoma from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X-Ray
CT Scan
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
References
- ↑ Kaposi, M (1872). "Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut". Arch. Dermatol. Syph. 4: 265–273.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kaposi's sarcoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi's_sarcoma Accessed on January, 17 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kaposi's Sarcoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/kaposi-sarcoma Accessed on January, 19 2016
- ↑ Ruocco E, Ruocco V, Tornesello ML, Gambardella A, Wolf R, Buonaguro FM (2013). "Kaposi's sarcoma: etiology and pathogenesis, inducing factors, causal associations, and treatments: facts and controversies". Clin Dermatol. 31 (4): 413–22. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.01.008. PMID 23806158.
- ↑ Kaposi's Sarcoma. PathologyOutlines (2015) http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocytickaposisarcoma.html Accessed on January, 19 2015
- ↑ Toth Z, Brulois K, Jung JU (2013). "The chromatin landscape of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus". Viruses. 5 (5): 1346–73. doi:10.3390/v5051346. PMC 3712311. PMID 23698402.
- ↑ Rossetto CC, Pari GS (2014). "PAN's Labyrinth: Molecular biology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) PAN RNA, a multifunctional long noncoding RNA". Viruses. 6 (11): 4212–26. doi:10.3390/v6114212. PMC 4246217. PMID 25375885.
- ↑ Cancian L, Hansen A, Boshoff C (2013). "Cellular origin of Kaposi's sarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced cell reprogramming". Trends Cell Biol. 23 (9): 421–32. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.001. PMID 23685018.
- ↑ Zattra E Coati I, Alaibac M, Piaserico S (2014). "Kaposi's sarcoma and other rare skin cancers in organ transplant patients". G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 149 (4): 395–400. PMID 25068226.