Diaphragmatic paralysis (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is usually [[asymptomatic]]. [[Respiratory distress]] is seen in [[bilateral]] diaphragamtic paralysis. Causes of diaphragamtic paralysis include unknown in many causes, [[Phrenic nerve]] injury in [[cardiac surgery]] and some [[viral infections]]. Patients after [[cardiac surgery]] and [[viral infection]] are at higher risk. [[Chest radiography]], [[Diaphragmatic paralysis diagnostic study of choice|fluoroscopic sniff test]] , measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and [[ultrasound]] are diagnostic studies for diaphragmatic paralysis. Treatment options include ventilatory support and diaphragmatic pacing. Prognosis is excellent in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis , but bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is a [[medical emergency]]. | |||
==What are the Symptoms of (Disease name)?== | ==What are the Symptoms of (Disease name)?== | ||
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis: | |||
* Usually without any symptoms | * Usually without any symptoms | ||
* Shortness of breath during excercise | * [[Shortness of breath]] during excercise | ||
* shortness of breath with lying flat position | * [[shortness of breath]] with lying flat position | ||
* Low level of energy | * Low level of energy | ||
Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis: | |||
* [[Respiratory distress]] | |||
==What Causes (disease name)?== | ==What Causes (disease name)?== | ||
* Unknown in many causes | * Unknown in many causes | ||
* [[Phrenic nerve]] injury in [[cardiac surgery]] | * [[Phrenic nerve]] injury in [[cardiac surgery]] | ||
* Some viral infections | * Some [[viral infections]] | ||
* Large tumors in cervical spinal cord | * Large [[tumors]] in cervical [[spinal cord]] | ||
* [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] | * [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] | ||
* [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] | * [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] | ||
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==Who is at Highest Risk?== | ==Who is at Highest Risk?== | ||
* Patients after open heart surgery | * Patients after [[open heart surgery]] | ||
* Patients after viral | * Patients after [[viral infection]] | ||
* Patients with neurologic disease | * Patients with [[Neurologic diseases|neurologic disease]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
* Chest radiography | * [[Chest radiography]] | ||
* [[Diaphragmatic paralysis diagnostic study of choice#diagnostic study of choice|Fluoroscopic sniff test]] | * [[Diaphragmatic paralysis diagnostic study of choice#diagnostic study of choice|Fluoroscopic sniff test]] | ||
* [[Diaphragmatic paralysis diagnostic study of choice|Measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi)]] | |||
* [[Ultrasound]] | |||
==When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?== | ==When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?== | ||
* In [[acute respiratory distress]] | |||
==Treatment Options== | ==Treatment Options== | ||
* Ventilatory support | |||
* Diaphragmatic pacing: stimilation of the diaphragm by putting [[electrodes]] in neck or [[thorax]]. | |||
==Where to find Medical Care for (Disease name)?== | ==Where to find Medical Care for (Disease name)?== | ||
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==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
* Proper treatment of underlying diseases and [[infections]]. | |||
==What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
* Prognosis is generally excellent in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis , but bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is a medical emergency. | |||
==Possible Complications== | ==Possible Complications== | ||
* Severe pulmonary dysfunction | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
Revision as of 16:28, 28 February 2018
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Diaphragmatic paralysis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Diaphragmatic paralysis |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is usually asymptomatic. Respiratory distress is seen in bilateral diaphragamtic paralysis. Causes of diaphragamtic paralysis include unknown in many causes, Phrenic nerve injury in cardiac surgery and some viral infections. Patients after cardiac surgery and viral infection are at higher risk. Chest radiography, fluoroscopic sniff test , measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and ultrasound are diagnostic studies for diaphragmatic paralysis. Treatment options include ventilatory support and diaphragmatic pacing. Prognosis is excellent in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis , but bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is a medical emergency.
What are the Symptoms of (Disease name)?
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis:
- Usually without any symptoms
- Shortness of breath during excercise
- shortness of breath with lying flat position
- Low level of energy
Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis:
What Causes (disease name)?
- Unknown in many causes
- Phrenic nerve injury in cardiac surgery
- Some viral infections
- Large tumors in cervical spinal cord
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Thyroid Disease
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Polymyositis
- Neck injury
Who is at Highest Risk?
- Patients after open heart surgery
- Patients after viral infection
- Patients with neurologic disease
Diagnosis
- Chest radiography
- Fluoroscopic sniff test
- Measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi)
- Ultrasound
When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?
Treatment Options
- Ventilatory support
- Diaphragmatic pacing: stimilation of the diaphragm by putting electrodes in neck or thorax.
Where to find Medical Care for (Disease name)?
Medical care for (disease name) can be found here.
Prevention
- Proper treatment of underlying diseases and infections.
What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- Prognosis is generally excellent in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis , but bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is a medical emergency.
Possible Complications
- Severe pulmonary dysfunction
Sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000434.htm