Pulseless electrical activity: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 22:25, 7 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maneesha Nandimandalam, M.B.B.S.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: PEA; electromechanical dissociation; EMD; non-perfusing rhythm

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pulseless Electrical Activity from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | Echocardiography

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

de:Elektromechanische Entkoppelung

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+| [[Pulseless electrical activity resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
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+|}
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+{{Pulseless electrical activity}}
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+{{SK}} PEA; electromechanical dissociation; EMD; non-perfusing rhythm
-{{SK}} ''Pulseless Electrical Activity'''  '''(PEA)''' (also known by the older term '''Electromechanical Dissociation''' or '''Non-Perfusing Rhythm'''
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity overview|Overview]] ==
-==Overview==
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
-'''Pulseless Electrical Activity'''  '''(PEA)''' (also known by the older term '''Electromechanical Dissociation''' or '''Non-Perfusing Rhythm''') refers to any heart rhythm observed on the [[electrocardiogram]] that should be producing a [[pulse]], but is not. The condition may or may not be caused by electromechanical dissociation. The most common cause is [[hypovolemia]].
-The normal condition when electrical activation of muscle cells precedes mechanical contraction is known as '''Electromechanical Coupling'''.
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity classification|Classification]] ==
-The goal of treatment of PEA is to treat the underlying cause. These possible causes are remembered as the Hs and Ts.<ref name=ACLS_2003_H_T>''ACLS: Principles and Practice''. p. 71-87. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-341-2.</ref><ref name=ACLS_2003_EP_HT>''ACLS for Experienced Providers''. p. 3-5. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-424-9.</ref><ref name="ECC_2005_7.2">"2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care - Part 7.2: Management of Cardiac Arrest." ''Circulation'' 2005; '''112''': IV-58 - IV-66.</ref>
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
-* [[Hypovolemia|'''H'''ypovolemia]]
-* [[Hypoxia|'''H'''ypoxia]]
-* [[Hydrogen|'''H'''ydrogen]] ions ([[Acidosis]])
-* [[Hypothermia|'''H'''ypothermia]]
-* [[Hyperkalemia|'''H'''yperkalemia]] or [[Hypokalemia|'''H'''ypokalemia]]
-* [[Hypoglycemia|'''H'''ypoglycemia]]
-* [[Tablets|'''T'''ablets]] or [[Toxins|'''T'''oxins]] ([[Drug overdose]])
-* [[Cardiac tamponade|Cardiac '''T'''amponade]]
-* [[Tension pneumothorax|'''T'''ension pneumothorax]]
-* [[Thrombosis|'''T'''hrombosis]] ([[Myocardial infarction]])
-* [[Thrombosis|'''T'''hrombosis]] ([[Pulmonary embolism]])
-* [[Physical trauma|'''T'''rauma]] ([[Hypovolemia]] from blood loss)
-In those cases in which an underlying systemic cause is unable to be immediately identified, the patient should be treated as if they were in [[asystole]]: intravenous [[Epinephrine]] 1 mg every 3-5 minutes, and, if the underlying rhythm is [[bradycardia]], [[Atropine]] 1 mg IV up to .04 mg/kg (varies with regional protocols). Both these drugs should be administered along with appropriate [[CPR]] techniques. [[Defibrillator|Defibrillation]]is not used for this rhythm, as the problem lies in the response of the myocardial tissue to electrical impulses.
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity causes|Causes]] ==
-==References==
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity differential diagnosis|Differentiating Pulseless Electrical Activity from other Diseases]] ==
-{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
-# EMedicine: [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2963.htm Pulseless Electrical Activity] - EMedicine page on Pulseless Electrical Activity
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
+== [[Pulseless electrical activity natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
+== Diagnosis ==
+[[Pulseless electrical activity history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity echocardiography|Echocardiography]]
+== Treatment ==
+[[Pulseless electrical activity medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity surgery|Surgery]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Pulseless electrical activity future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
+== Case Studies ==
+[[Pulseless electrical activity case study one|Case #1]]
+==Related Chapters==
+*[[Ventricular fibrillation]]
+*[[Ventricular tachycardia]]
+*[[Asystole]]
+* [[Cardiac arrest]]
 [[de:Elektromechanische Entkoppelung]]
 [[pl:PEA]]
-{{Electrocardiography}}
+[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
-{{SIB}}
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
+[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
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Pulseless electrical activity: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:25, 7 July 2020

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