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{{Cryptogenic organizing | {{Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
Pulmonary function test may be helpful in the diagnosis of [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]. The most common finding in [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] is mild to moderate [[Restrictive Lung Disease|restrictive]] ventilatory defect and [[DLCO]] is reduced. Flexible bronchoscopy is performed to obtain [[bronchoalveolar lavage]] sample (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy. | |||
==Other Diagnostic Studies== | |||
'''Pulmonary function test''' | |||
*Pulmonary function test is helpful in the diagnosis of [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]. | |||
*Findings suggestive of [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] include: | |||
**The most common finding in [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] is mild to moderate [[Restrictive Lung Disease|restrictive]] ventilatory defect. | |||
**In rare cases, it shows an [[Obstructive Lung Disease|obstructive]] pattern (FEV1/FVC less than 70 percent). | |||
**[[DLCO]] is reduced. | |||
'''Flexible bronchoscopy''' | |||
*Flexible bronchoscopy is performed to obtain [[bronchoalveolar lavage]] sample (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy. | |||
'''Bronchoalveolar Lavage''' | |||
*[[BAL]] is done to know the etiology of [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]. | |||
*Various abnormal cells seen in [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] are: | |||
**Foamy [[macrophages]], [[mast cells]], [[plasma cells]]. | |||
**A decreased [[CD4]]/[[CD8]] [[T cell]] ratio. | |||
**An increase in activated [[T lymphocytes]] based on [[HLA-DR]] or [[interleukin-2 receptor]] expression.<ref name="pmid8980962">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poletti V, Cazzato S, Minicuci N, Zompatori M, Burzi M, Schiattone ML |title=The diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia |journal=Eur. Respir. J. |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=2513–6 |date=December 1996 |pmid=8980962 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
'''Transbronchial biopsy''' | |||
*CT guided biposy is better and reduces the need surgical biopsy. | |||
*Histological finding which helps to diagnose [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] are: | |||
**There is intraluminal plugs of [[inflammatory]] debris which consist of [[granulation tissue]] found within small airways, alveolar ducts, and adjacent alveoli. | |||
**There is a mild interstitial [[inflammation]] in the surrounding lung.<ref name="pmid8252981">{{cite journal |vauthors=Azzam ZS, Bentur L, Rubin AH, Ben-Izhak O, Alroy G |title=Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Diagnosis by transbronchial biopsy |journal=Chest |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=1899–901 |date=December 1993 |pmid=8252981 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: Pulmonology]] | |||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:13, 6 March 2018
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Overview
Pulmonary function test may be helpful in the diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. The most common finding in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is mild to moderate restrictive ventilatory defect and DLCO is reduced. Flexible bronchoscopy is performed to obtain bronchoalveolar lavage sample (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Pulmonary function test
- Pulmonary function test is helpful in the diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.
- Findings suggestive of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia include:
- The most common finding in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is mild to moderate restrictive ventilatory defect.
- In rare cases, it shows an obstructive pattern (FEV1/FVC less than 70 percent).
- DLCO is reduced.
Flexible bronchoscopy
- Flexible bronchoscopy is performed to obtain bronchoalveolar lavage sample (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- BAL is done to know the etiology of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.
- Various abnormal cells seen in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia are:
- Foamy macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells.
- A decreased CD4/CD8 T cell ratio.
- An increase in activated T lymphocytes based on HLA-DR or interleukin-2 receptor expression.[1]
Transbronchial biopsy
- CT guided biposy is better and reduces the need surgical biopsy.
- Histological finding which helps to diagnose cryptogenic organizing pneumonia are:
- There is intraluminal plugs of inflammatory debris which consist of granulation tissue found within small airways, alveolar ducts, and adjacent alveoli.
- There is a mild interstitial inflammation in the surrounding lung.[2]
References
- ↑ Poletti V, Cazzato S, Minicuci N, Zompatori M, Burzi M, Schiattone ML (December 1996). "The diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia". Eur. Respir. J. 9 (12): 2513–6. PMID 8980962.
- ↑ Azzam ZS, Bentur L, Rubin AH, Ben-Izhak O, Alroy G (December 1993). "Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Diagnosis by transbronchial biopsy". Chest. 104 (6): 1899–901. PMID 8252981.