Sleep hyperhidrosis: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Sleep hyperhidrosis''', more commonly known as the '''night sweats''', is the occurrence of excessive sweating ([[hyperhidrosis]]) during [[sleep]]. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake.
'''Sleep hyperhidrosis''', more commonly known as the '''night sweats''', is the occurrence of excessive sweating ([[hyperhidrosis]]) during [[sleep]]. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake. A night sweat caused by a medical condition or infection can be described as ‘severe hot flashes occurring at night that can drench sleepwear and sheets, which are not related to an overheated environment’. [http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=57394] True night sweats with medical causes should be properly investigated by a medical physician.


==Classification of Sweating==
==Classification of Sweating==
Line 20: Line 20:
Sleep hyperhidrosis may occur at any age, but is most commonly seen in early [[adult]]hood.
Sleep hyperhidrosis may occur at any age, but is most commonly seen in early [[adult]]hood.


==Genetics==
==Risk factors==
Night sweats may occur for [[genetics|genetic]] reasons and may be relatively harmless. However, they can be distressing and disrupt sleep patterns if severe; the patient may be frequently awakened due to the discomfort of damp sleepwear.
* No differences in men or women.
* Night sweats may occur for [[genetics|genetic]] reasons and may be relatively harmless.


==Differential diagnosis of causes of sleep hyperhidrosis==
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
* The natural history is unpredictable. Some patients may have a self-limited course, where as some may experience [[sleep hydrosis]] for life.
* They can be distressing and disrupt sleep patterns if severe; the patient may be frequently awakened due to the discomfort of damp sleepwear.
* While some causes of night sweats, such as [[menopause]], may be relatively harmless, night sweats may also be a sign of a serious underlying disease.
 
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
One of the most common causes of night sweats in women over 40 is the hormonal changes related to [[menopause]] and perimenopause. This is a normal part of menopause and while annoying, it is not necessarily dangerous or a sign of underlying disease. Some women experience night sweats during [[pregnancy]] due to hormonal changes.
One of the most common causes of night sweats in women over 40 is the hormonal changes related to [[menopause]] and perimenopause. This is a normal part of menopause and while annoying, it is not necessarily dangerous or a sign of underlying disease. Some women experience night sweats during [[pregnancy]] due to hormonal changes.
It should be noted that while some causes of night sweats maybe relatively harmless, others may not and can be a sign of a serious underlying disease.


While there can be many causes of excessive sweating at night including the menopause and, for example, a bedroom that is unusually hot or too many bed clothes on the bed, it is important to distinguish night sweats that arise due to medical causes from those that occur because the sleep environment is too warm.
While there can be many causes of excessive sweating at night including the menopause and, for example, a bedroom that is unusually hot or too many bed clothes on the bed, it is important to distinguish night sweats that arise due to medical causes from those that occur because the sleep environment is too warm.


A night sweat caused by a medical condition or infection can be described as ‘severe hot flashes occurring at night that can drench sleepwear and sheets, which are not related to an overheated environment’. [http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=57394]
===Causes by Organ System===


True night sweats with medical causes should be properly investigated by a medical physician.
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Infective endocarditis]], [[Prinzmetal's angina]], [[Subacute endocarditis]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Camphoric acid]], [[Organophosphate poisoning|Organophosphate pesticides]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Boil]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abatacept Injection]], [[Adalimumab Injection]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Antipyretics]]([[salicylates]], [[acetaminophen]]), [[Aspirin]], [[Benzodiazepine withdrawal]], [[Beta-blockers]], [[Bethanechol]], [[Bromocriptine]], [[Bupropion]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cholinergic agonists]], [[Cholinesterase inhibitors]], [[Cyclosporine]], [[Dinitrophenol]], [[Estroven]], [[Flutamide]], [[GnRH agonist]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Oral hypoglycemic agents]], [[Imatinib ]], [[Lamotrigine]], [[Letrozole ]], [[Leuprolide]], [[Levomepromazine]], [[Natalizumab]], [[Niacin]], [[Nitroglycerin]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Omeprazole]], [[Pegaspargase]], [[Pentamidine inhalation]], [[Phenothiazines]], [[Pilocarpine]], [[Raloxifene]], [[Rituximab]], [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]], [[Sertraline]], [[Sildenafil]], [[Sympathomimetic agents]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Theophylline]], [[Tramadol]], [[Trenbolone]], [[Tricyclic antidepressants]], [[Triptans]], [[Venlafaxine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypoglycaemia]], [[Menopause]], [[Pheochromocytoma]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Systemic exertion intolerance disease ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial dysautonomia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Hodgkins disease]], [[Leukemia]], [[Leukocytosis|Lymphocytic leukocytosis]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Mast cell tumor|Systemic mastocytosis syndrome]], [[Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Blastomycosis]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Dental abscess]], [[Fungal infections]] ([[Histoplasmosis]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]]), [[HIV]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Lung abscess ]], [[Malaria]], [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection]], [[Nocardiosis]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Pneumocystis pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pyogenic abscess]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Urinary tract infection]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Fibromyalgia]], [[Osteomyelitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Autonomic dysreflexia]], [[Cerebral palsy]], [[Familial dysautonomia]], [[Hypopituitarism|Hypothalamic lesions]], [[Syringomyelia|Post-traumatic syringomyelia]], [[Stroke]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic pancreatitis]], [[Hypercholesterolemia]], [[Hyperlipidaemia]], [[Hypertriglyceridemia]], [[Obesity]], [[Vitamin E deficiency]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Menopause]], [[Perimenopause]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premature ovarian failure]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cancer]], [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Hodgkins disease]], [[Leukemia]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Oat cell carcinoma of the lung]], [[Solid tumors]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol withdrawal]], [[Drug withdrawal]] ([[Ethanol]], [[Benzodiazepines]], [[cocaine]], [[Heroin]] and other [[Opiates]]), [[Substance abuse]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anxiety disorder]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Obstructive sleep apnea]], [[Pneumonia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[Eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[Granuloma|Granulomatous disease]], [[Kikuchi disease]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Takayasu's arteritis]], [[Temporal arteritis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Syringomyelia|Post-traumatic syringomyelia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Urinary tract infection]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromium deficiency]], [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Diaphoresis|Idiopathic hyperhidrosis]]
|-
|}


==Complete differential diagnosis of causes of {{PAGENAME}} in alphabetical order==
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
The condition may be considered a [[sign (medicine)|sign]] of various [[disease]] states, including:


* [[Anxiety disorder]]
{{columns-list|
* [[B symptoms]]
* [[Benzodiazepine]] withdrawal
* [[Blastomycosis]]
* [[Brucellosis]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Cerebral palsy]]
* [[Chromium deficiency]]
* Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
* [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
* [[Telencephalon|Cerebral]] and [[brain stem]] [[stroke]]s
* [[Diabetes]]
* [[Drugs]] e.g. [[Sertraline]]
* [[Eosinophilic pneumonia]]
* [[Epilepsy]]
* [[Familial dysautonomia]]
* [[Fungal infection]]
* [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
* [[Head injury]]
* [[HIV]]
* [[Hodgkin's disease]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Hypoglycaemia]]
* [[Hypothalamus|Hypothalamic]] lesions
* [[Kikuchi disease]]
* [[Leukemia]]
* [[Lung abscess]]
* [[Lymphoma]]
* [[Mantle cell lymphoma]]
* [[Menopause]]
* [[Mononucleosis]]
* [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection]]
* [[Nocardiosis]]
* [[Obstructive Sleep Apnea]]
* [[Opiate]] withdrawal
* [[Orchiectomy]]
* [[Osteomyelitis]]
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Premature ovarian failure]]
* [[Prinzmetal's angina]]
* Pulmonary [[histoplasmosis]]
* [[Relapsing fever]]
* Solid tumors <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
* [[Subacute endocarditis]]
* Substance abuse
* [[Takayasu's arteritis]]
* [[Temporal arteritis]]
* [[Tree marigold]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Urinary tract infection]]


*[[Abatacept Injection ]]
*[[Adalimumab Injection]]
*[[Antidepressants]] ([[Bupropion]], [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]], [[Tricyclic antidepressants]], [[Venlafaxine]])
*[[Antipsychotics]] (e.g. [[Clozapine]], [[Fluvoxamine]], [[Phenothiazines]])
*[[Antipyretics]] (e.g. [[Acetaminophen]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Salicylates]])
*[[Anxiety disorder]]
*[[Autonomic dysreflexia]]
*[[Beryllium]]
*[[Beta-blockers]]
*[[Boil]]
*[[Bromocriptine]]
*[[Brucellosis]]
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]
*[[Camphoric acid]]
*[[Cancer]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Cerebral palsy]]
*[[Cholinergic agonists]] (e.g. [[Bethanechol]], [[Pilocarpine]])
*[[Cholinesterase inhibitors]] (e.g. [[Organophosphate poisoning|Organophosphate pesticides]])
*[[Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Dental abscess]]
*[[Dinitrophenol]]
*[[Drug withdrawal]]: [[Benzodiazepines]],[[Ethanol]], [[Cocaine]], [[Heroin]] and other [[opiates]]
*[[Eosinophilic pneumonia]]
*[[Estroven]]
*[[Familial dysautonomia]]
*[[Fibromyalgia]]
*[[Fungal infections]] ([[Blastomycosis]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Histoplasmosis]])
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
*[[Granuloma|Granulomatous disease]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[Hodgkins disease]]
*[[Hormone therapy|Hormonal agents]] (e.g. [[GnRH agonist]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Raloxifene]], [[Flutamide]])
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hypoglycaemia]]
*[[Oral hypoglycemic agents]]
*[[Hypopituitarism|Hypothalamic lesions]]
*[[Diaphoresis|Idiopathic hyperhidrosis]]
*[[Imatinib ]]
*[[Infective endocarditis]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Kikuchi disease]]
*[[Lamotrigine]]
*[[Letrozole ]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Leuprolide]]
*[[Levomepromazine]]
*[[Lung abscess ]]
*[[Leukocytosis|Lymphocytic leukocytosis]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Menopause]]
*[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection]]
*[[Natalizumab]]
*[[Niacin]]
*[[Nitroglycerin]]
*[[Nocardiosis]]
*[[Oat cell carcinoma of the lung]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Omeprazole]]
*[[Osteomyelitis]]
*[[Pegaspargase]]
*[[Pentamidine inhalation]]
*[[Perimenopause]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
*[[Pneumocystis pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Syringomyelia|Post-traumatic syringomyelia]]
*[[Pregnancy]]
*[[Premature ovarian failure]]
*[[Prinzmetal's angina]]
*[[Pyogenic abscess]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Rituximab]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sertraline]]
*[[Sildenafil]]
*[[Solid tumors]]
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Subacute endocarditis]]
*[[Substance abuse]]
*[[Sympathomimetic agents]]
*[[Systemic exertion intolerance disease ]]
*[[Mast cell tumor|Systemic mastocytosis syndrome]]
*[[Takayasu's arteritis]]
*[[Tamoxifen]]
*[[Temporal arteritis]]
*[[Theophylline]]
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
*[[Tramadol]]
*[[Trenbolone]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
*[[Triptans]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Urinary tract infection]]
*[[Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]]


}}


==Diagnosis==


===History and Symptoms===
*History:
:*Medical history should focus on potential infectious and oncologic causes
:*Social history should focus on substance abuse and travel


===Physical Examination===
*Full exam with focus on endocrine, dermatologic and lymphatic systems


===Polysomnography===
No specific features have been reported.


===Echocardiogram===
An echocardiogram can be obtained if there is a high suspicion of [[endocarditis]]


===Laboratory Findings===
The folowing laboratory studies may be of use in determining the underlying cause of nightsweats.
*[[CBC]] w/ differential
*[[Eosinophil count]]
*[[Urinalysis]]
*[[ESR]]


More sophisticated laboratory studies would include the following:
*[[FSH]]
*[[PPD]]
*HIV w/ viral load
*[[Blood cultures]]
*[[Monospot]]
*Test for nocturnal [[hypoglycemia]]
*[[Free T4]]
*[[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]]
* Quinizarin powder, turns purple on contact with sweat, can help in localizing the area of excessive sweating.


=== MRI and CT ===
*Suggest MRI/CT if necessary (chest/abdomen/pelvis)


===Diagnostic Criteria<ref>American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, revised: Diagnostic and coding manual. Chicago, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2001</ref>===
'''A.''' The patient has has a complaint of excessive sweating during sleep.


'''B.''' Polysomnography with quinizarin powder dusted on affected areas is expected to demonstrate excessive sweating during sleep.


'''C.''' The primary complaint can be due to other medical disorders, such as febrile illness or diabetes insipid us.


'''D.''' Other sleep disorders (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) may be present and can precipitate the disorder.


'''Minimal Criterion:''' A.


'''Severity Criteria:'''


*  ''Mild:'' No bathing or change of clothing is required; the patient may have to turn the pillow or remove blankets.
*  ''Moderate:'' Sleep is disturbed by the need to arise and wash the face or other affected body areas, but no clothing change is necessary.
* ''Severe:'' A bath or change of clothing is required.


'''Duration Criteria:'''


 
* ''Acute:'' 1 month or less.
 
* ''Subacute:'' More than 1 month but less than 6 months.
 
* ''Chronic:'' 6 months or longer.
 
 
 
 
Pentamidine Inhalation (patient  information)
 
Cyclosporine (patient information)
 
Abatacept Injection (patient  information)
 
Adalimumab Injection (patient  information)
 
Imatinib (patient information)
 
Letrozole (patient information)
 
Leuprolide (patient information)
 
Natalizumab injection (patient  information)
Pegaspargase (patient information)
 
Rituximab injection (patient  information)
 
 
 
Waldenström macroglobulinemia
 
Hodgkin's lymphoma
 
Lung abscess
 
Eosinophilic pneumonia
 
Nontuberculous mycobacteria
 
Tygerberg score
 
Trenbolone
Beryllium
 
Lamotrigine
 
Levomepromazine
 
Camphoric acid
 
Estroven
 
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
 
Mediastinal tumor
Pneumocystis pneumonia
 
 
 
 
 
 
Osteotomy
 
Sleep hyperhidrosis
 
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
 
Creeping Cinquefoil
 
==Diagnosis==
 
=== History and Symptoms ===
Note: facial redness, pain and tachycardia
*History:
:*medical
:*social
 
=== Physical Examination ===
*Full exam with focus on endocrine, dermatologic and lymphatic systems
 
=== Electrocardiogram ===
*Suggest echo if necessary
 
=== Laboratory Findings ===
 
*CBC w/ differential
*BUN/Creatnine
*Eosinophil count
*Electrolytes
*Calcium
*Magnesium
*TSH
*Urinalysis
*ESR
*FSH
*PPD
*HIV w/ viral load
*Blood cultures
*Monospot
*Nocturnal hypoglycemia
*free T4
*5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
 
=== MRI and CT ===
*Suggest MRI/CT if necessary (chest/abdomen/pelvis)


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
*Treat determined etiology with appropriate therapy
Treat the underlying etiology with appropriate therapy
*Cease substance abuse
   
   
=== Acute Pharmacotherapies ===  
=== Acute Pharmacotherapies ===  
Line 224: Line 325:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Symptoms and signs}}
{{SIB}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}


[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
Line 234: Line 330:
[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[Category:Menopause]]
[[Category:Menopause]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
 
 
 
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 22:53, 10 January 2020

Sleep hyperhidrosis
ICD-10 R61.9
ICD-9 780.8, 327

Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Sleep hyperhidrosis, more commonly known as the night sweats, is the occurrence of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) during sleep. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake. A night sweat caused by a medical condition or infection can be described as ‘severe hot flashes occurring at night that can drench sleepwear and sheets, which are not related to an overheated environment’. [3] True night sweats with medical causes should be properly investigated by a medical physician.

Classification of Sweating

There are four types of sweats:

  1. Diaphoresis: Diaphoresis is a cold sweat. Diaphoresis is excessive sweating commonly associated with shock and other medical emergency conditions. It is distinguished from hyperhidrosis by the "clammy" or "cold state" state of the patient.
  2. Primary Hyperhidrosis: Primary hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased perspiration, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature. This is not a cold sweat.
  3. Secondary Hyperhidrosis: Secondary hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased perspiration, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature that is secondary to an underlying pathologic process such as infections, disorders of the thyroid or pituitary gland, diabetes mellitus, tumors, gout, menopause, certain drugs, or mercury poisoning. This is not a cold sweat.
  4. Night sweats: Sleep hyperhidrosis, more commonly known as the night sweats, is the occurrence of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) during sleep. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Sleep hyperhidrosis may occur at any age, but is most commonly seen in early adulthood.

Risk factors

  • No differences in men or women.
  • Night sweats may occur for genetic reasons and may be relatively harmless.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

  • The natural history is unpredictable. Some patients may have a self-limited course, where as some may experience sleep hydrosis for life.
  • They can be distressing and disrupt sleep patterns if severe; the patient may be frequently awakened due to the discomfort of damp sleepwear.
  • While some causes of night sweats, such as menopause, may be relatively harmless, night sweats may also be a sign of a serious underlying disease.

Causes

Common Causes

One of the most common causes of night sweats in women over 40 is the hormonal changes related to menopause and perimenopause. This is a normal part of menopause and while annoying, it is not necessarily dangerous or a sign of underlying disease. Some women experience night sweats during pregnancy due to hormonal changes.

While there can be many causes of excessive sweating at night including the menopause and, for example, a bedroom that is unusually hot or too many bed clothes on the bed, it is important to distinguish night sweats that arise due to medical causes from those that occur because the sleep environment is too warm.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Infective endocarditis, Prinzmetal's angina, Subacute endocarditis
Chemical/Poisoning Camphoric acid, Organophosphate pesticides
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Boil
Drug Side Effect Abatacept Injection, Adalimumab Injection, Antidepressants, Antipyretics(salicylates, acetaminophen), Aspirin, Benzodiazepine withdrawal, Beta-blockers, Bethanechol, Bromocriptine, Bupropion, Calcium channel blockers, Cholinergic agonists, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Cyclosporine, Dinitrophenol, Estroven, Flutamide, GnRH agonist, Hydralazine, Oral hypoglycemic agents, Imatinib , Lamotrigine, Letrozole , Leuprolide, Levomepromazine, Natalizumab, Niacin, Nitroglycerin, NSAIDs, Omeprazole, Pegaspargase, Pentamidine inhalation, Phenothiazines, Pilocarpine, Raloxifene, Rituximab, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Sertraline, Sildenafil, Sympathomimetic agents, Tamoxifen, Theophylline, Tramadol, Trenbolone, Tricyclic antidepressants, Triptans, Venlafaxine
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hyperthyroidism, Hypoglycaemia, Menopause, Pheochromocytoma, Thyrotoxicosis
Environmental Systemic exertion intolerance disease 
Gastroenterologic Carcinoid syndrome, Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Genetic Familial dysautonomia
Hematologic Hodgkins disease, Leukemia, Lymphocytic leukocytosis, Lymphoma, Systemic mastocytosis syndrome, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Blastomycosis, Brucellosis, Dental abscess, Fungal infections (Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis), HIV, Infectious mononucleosis, Lung abscess , Malaria, Mycobacterium avium complex infection, Nocardiosis, Osteomyelitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Pneumonia, Pyogenic abscess, Relapsing fever, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infection
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Fibromyalgia, Osteomyelitis
Neurologic Autonomic dysreflexia, Cerebral palsy, Familial dysautonomia, Hypothalamic lesions, Post-traumatic syringomyelia, Stroke
Nutritional/Metabolic Chronic pancreatitis, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidaemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Obesity, Vitamin E deficiency,
Obstetric/Gynecologic Menopause, Perimenopause, Pregnancy, Premature ovarian failure
Oncologic Cancer, Carcinoid syndrome, Hodgkins disease, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Mesothelioma, Oat cell carcinoma of the lung, Solid tumors
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Alcohol withdrawal, Drug withdrawal (Ethanol, Benzodiazepines, cocaine, Heroin and other Opiates), Substance abuse
Psychiatric Anxiety disorder
Pulmonary Obstructive sleep apnea, Pneumonia
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, Eosinophilic pneumonia, Granulomatous disease, Kikuchi disease, Sarcoidosis, Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Post-traumatic syringomyelia
Urologic Urinary tract infection
Miscellaneous Chromium deficiency, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Idiopathic hyperhidrosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

  • History:
  • Medical history should focus on potential infectious and oncologic causes
  • Social history should focus on substance abuse and travel

Physical Examination

  • Full exam with focus on endocrine, dermatologic and lymphatic systems

Polysomnography

No specific features have been reported.

Echocardiogram

An echocardiogram can be obtained if there is a high suspicion of endocarditis

Laboratory Findings

The folowing laboratory studies may be of use in determining the underlying cause of nightsweats.

More sophisticated laboratory studies would include the following:

MRI and CT

  • Suggest MRI/CT if necessary (chest/abdomen/pelvis)

Diagnostic Criteria[1]

A. The patient has has a complaint of excessive sweating during sleep.

B. Polysomnography with quinizarin powder dusted on affected areas is expected to demonstrate excessive sweating during sleep.

C. The primary complaint can be due to other medical disorders, such as febrile illness or diabetes insipid us.

D. Other sleep disorders (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) may be present and can precipitate the disorder.

Minimal Criterion: A.

Severity Criteria:

  • Mild: No bathing or change of clothing is required; the patient may have to turn the pillow or remove blankets.
  • Moderate: Sleep is disturbed by the need to arise and wash the face or other affected body areas, but no clothing change is necessary.
  • Severe: A bath or change of clothing is required.

Duration Criteria:

  • Acute: 1 month or less.
  • Subacute: More than 1 month but less than 6 months.
  • Chronic: 6 months or longer.

Treatment

Treat the underlying etiology with appropriate therapy

Acute Pharmacotherapies

  • Ibuprofen or acetaminophen
  • Antimicrobial if infection is the cause

References

  1. ↑ American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, revised: Diagnostic and coding manual. Chicago, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2001



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