Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
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| Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | Q93.3 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 758.3 |
| OMIM | 194190 |
| DiseasesDB | 32279 |
| eMedicine | ped/2446 |
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Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, also known as deletion 4p and 4p- syndrome was first described in 1961 by the Americans Herbert L. Cooper and Kurt Hirschhorn[1], and thereafter gained worldwide attention by publications by the German Ulrich Wolf, and Hirschhorn and their co-workers, specifically their articles in the German scientific magazine 'Humangenetik'.[2] [3]It is a characteristic phenotype resulting from a partial deletion of chromosomal material of the short arm of chromosome 4.
Signs and symptoms
The most chiommon abnormalties seen include severe to profound mental retardation, microcephaly (small head), seizures, poor muscle tone, and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Characteristic facial features, include strabismus, hypertelorism, down-turned "fishlike" mouth, short upper lip and philtrum, small chin, ear tags or pits, and cranial asymmetry. Occasional abnormalities include heart defects, hypospadias, scoliosis, ptosis, fused teeth, hearing loss, delayed bone age, low hairline with webbed neck, and renal anomalies.
Genetics
Wolf-Hirshhorn syndrome is caused by a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4, particularly in the region of WHSC1 and WHSC2. About 87% of cases represent a de novo deletion, while about 13% are inherited from a parent with a chromosome translocation. In the cases of familial translocation, there is a 2 to 1 excess of maternal transmission. Of the de novo cases, 80% are paternally derived. The symptoms and phenotype do not differ based on the size of the deletion. The critical region for determining the phenotype is at 4p16.3 and can often be detected through genetic testing and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Genetic testing and genetic counseling is offered to affected families hi.
References
- ↑ Cooper H, Hirschhorn K. Apparent deletion of short arms of one chromosome (4 or 5) in a child with defects of midline fusion. Mammalian Chrom Nwsl. 1961;4:14.
- ↑ Hirschhorn K, Cooper HL, Firschein IL. Deletion of short arms of chromosome 4-5 in a child with defects of midline fusion. Humangenetik. 1965;1(5):479-82.
- ↑ Wolf U, Reinwein H, Porsch R, et al. [Deficiency on the short arms of a chromosome No. 4]. Humangenetik. 1965;1(5):397-413.
External links
- whs at NIH/UW GeneTests
- Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome at www.orpha.net (Adobe .pdf format)
- 4P- Support Group
Notes
- Cooper H, Hirschhorn K (1961). "Apparent deletion of short arms of one chromosome (4 or 5) in a child with defects of midline fusion". Mammalian Chrom Nwsl. (4): 14.
- Hirschhorn K, Cooper HL, Firschein IL (1965). "Deletion of short arms of chromosome 4-5 in a child with defects of midline fusion". Humangenetik 1 (5): 479–82. PMID 5895684.
- Wolf U, Reinwein H, Porsch R, Schröter R, Baitsch H (1965). "[Deficiency on the short arms of a chromosome No. 4]" (in German). Humangenetik 1 (5): 397–413. PMID 5868696.
Pathology: chromosome abnormalities (Q90-Q99, 758) | |
|---|---|
| Autosomal trisomies | Down syndrome (21), Edwards syndrome (18), Patau syndrome (13), Trisomy 9, Warkany syndrome 2 (8), Cat eye syndrome (22), Trisomy 22, Trisomy 16 |
| Autosomal monosomies/deletions | Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4), Cri du chat (5), Angelman syndrome/Prader-Willi syndrome (15), Miller-Dieker syndrome/Smith-Magenis syndrome (17), 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22) |
| X/Y linked | Monosomy: Turner syndrome (XO) Trisomy: Triple X syndrome (XXX), Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY), XYY, Other Karyotypes: XXXX, XXYY, XXXXX, XXXXY |
| Translocations | Philadelphia chromosome, Burkitt's lymphoma |
| Other | Fragile X syndrome, Gonadal dysgenesis (Mixed gonadal dysgenesis) |
it:Sindrome di Wolf-Hirschhorn nl:Syndroom van Wolf-Hirschhorn
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
