Thoracic outlet syndrome

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Thoracic outlet syndrome Classification and external resources
The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front.
ICD-10	G54.0
ICD-9	353.0
DiseasesDB	13039
MedlinePlus	001434
eMedicine	pmr/136
MeSH	D013901

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) consists of a group of distinct disorders that affect the nerves in the brachial plexus (nerves that pass into the arms from the neck) and various nerves and blood vessels between the base of the neck and axilla (armpit).

Causes

For the most part, these disorders are produced by positional compression of the subclavian artery and vein, the vertebral artery, and the nerve cords of the brachial plexus.

TOS may also result from a cervical band, abnormalities of the scalene muscles (including hypertrophy) and trauma.

Classification

The following taxonomy of TOS is used in ICD-9-CM and other sources:

• Scalenus anticus syndrome (compression on brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery caused by muscle growth) - diagnosed by using Adson's sign with patient's head turned outward
• Cervical rib syndrome (compression on brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery caused by bone growth) - diagnosed by using Adson's sign with patient's head turned inward
• Costoclavicular syndrome (narrowing between the clavicle and the first rib) -- diagnosed with costoclavicular maneuver^[1]

Treatment

Only a few patients will require surgical decompression. In most, advice on posture and physiotherapy or osteopathy will suffice.

Notable patients

Major League Baseball player Hank Blalock has recently been diagnosed with Thoracic outlet syndrome.

References

External links

• thoracic at NINDS
• American Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Association [1]
• Tos-Syndrome.com
• Journal of American Chiropractic Association
• Adson's test [2]

v • d • e Nervous system pathology, primarily PNS (G50-G99, 350-359)
Nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders (neuropathy, radiculopathy, plexopathy)	cranial nerve: V (Trigeminal neuralgia) - VII (Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven) - XI (Accessory nerve disorder) nerve root and plexus: Brachial plexus lesion - Thoracic outlet syndrome - Phantom limb mononeuropathy: upper limb (Carpal tunnel syndrome, Ulnar nerve entrapment, Radial neuropathy) - Causalgia - lower limb (Meralgia paraesthetica, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, Morton's neuroma) - Mononeuritis multiplex
Polyneuropathies and other disorders of the PNS	hereditary and idiopathic (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Dejerine Sottas syndrome, Refsum's disease, Morvan's syndrome) Guillain-Barré syndrome - Alcoholic polyneuropathy
Diseases of myoneural junction	autoimmune: Myasthenia gravis - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Diseases of muscle (myopathy)	Muscular dystrophy myotonic (Myotonic dystrophy, Myotonia congenita, Thomsen disease, Neuromyotonia, Paramyotonia congenita) congenital myopathy (Centronuclear myopathy, Nemaline myopathy, Central core disease) Mitochondrial myopathy periodic paralysis: Hypokalemic - Hyperkalemic
Autonomic	Familial dysautonomia - Horner's syndrome - Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy)

nl:Thoracic outlet syndrome

fi:Hartiapunoksen vammautuminen tai ahtautuminen

Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .