Patent foramen ovale MRI

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Ifeoma Odukwe, M.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [3], Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

Although not commmon, contrast-enhanced MRI is may be helpful in diagnosing patent foramen ovale. PFO is diagnosed with the presence of an early contrast enhancement in the left atrium due to intracardiac right-to-left shunting before the contrast agent reaches the pulmonary veins.

MRI

• Contrast-enhanced MRI is not commonly used but may be helpful in the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale. The presence of an early contrast enhancement due to intracardiac right-to-left shunting in the left atrium before the contrast agent reaches the pulmonary veins is diagnostic of patent foramen ovale.
• Grading of PFO using contrast-enhanced MRI include:

• Grade 0: No contrast enhancement in the left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.
• Grade 1: Only slight contrast enhancement close to the atrial septum without enhancement of the entire left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.
• Grade 2: Only slight contrast enhancement in the left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.
• Grade 3: Bright contrast enhancement in the left atrium before the contrast agent reached the pulmonary veins.

References

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