Mycoplasma pneumonia
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| Mycoplasma pneumonia Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | B96.0 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 483.0 |
| MedlinePlus | 000082 |
| eMedicine | emerg/467 |
| MeSH | D011019 |
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Mycoplasma pneumonia is a form of bacterial pneumonia which is caused by bacteria of the Mycoplasma genus.
Pathophysiology
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is spread through respiratory droplet transmission. Once attached to the mucosa of a host organism, M. pneumonia extracts nutrients, grows and reproduces by binary fission. Attachment sites include the upper and lower respiratory tract, causing pharyngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The infection caused by this bacterium is called atypical pneumonia because of its protracted course and lack of sputum production and wealth of extra-pulmonary symptoms. Chronic mycoplasma infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatological diseases.
Diagnosis
M. pneumoniae infections can be differentiated from other types of pneumonia by the relatively slow progression of symptoms, a positive blood test for cold-hemagglutinins in 50-70% of patients after 10 days of infection (cold-hemagglutinin-test should be used with caution or not at all since 50% of the tests are false-positive), lack of bacteria in a gram-stained sputum sample, and a lack of growth on blood agar. Mycoplasma atypical pneumonia can be complicated by Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, encephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Treatment
Second generation macrolide antibiotics, doxycycline and second generation quinolones are effective treatments. Disease from mycoplasma is usually mild to moderate in severity.
History
M. pneumoniae was historically called "Eaton's agent"[1] because it is grown on Eaton's agar.
References
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Pathology of respiratory system (J, 460-519), respiratory diseases | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Upper RT (including URTIs, Common cold) |
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| Lower RT/lung disease (including LRTIs) |
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| Pleural cavity/ mediastinum |
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| Other/general | Respiratory failure · Influenza · SARS · Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis · Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| see also congenital, neoplasia | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
