Chondromodulin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LECT1gene.[1][2][3]
Function
This gene encodes a glycosylated transmembrane protein that is cleaved to form a mature, secreted protein. The N-terminus of the precursor protein shares characteristics with other surfactant proteins and is sometimes called chondrosurfactant protein, although no biological activity has yet been defined for it. The C-terminus of the precursor protein contains a 25 kDa mature protein called leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-1 or chondromodulin-1. The mature protein promotes chondrocyte growth and inhibits angiogenesis. This gene is expressed in the avascular zone of prehypertrophic cartilage, and its expression decreases during chondrocyte hypertrophy and vascular invasion. The mature protein likely plays a role in endochondral bone development by permitting cartilaginous anlagen to be vascularized and replaced by bone. It may also be involved in the broad control of tissue vascularization during development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[3]
References
↑Shukunami C, Hiraki Y (August 1998). "Expression of cartilage-specific functional matrix chondromodulin-I mRNA in rabbit growth plate chondrocytes and its responsiveness to growth stimuli in vitro". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 249 (3): 885–90. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9233. PMID9731231.
↑Hiraki Y, Mitsui K, Endo N, Takahashi K, Hayami T, Inoue H, Shukunami C, Tokunaga K, Kono T, Yamada M, Takahashi HE, Kondo J (March 1999). "Molecular cloning of human chondromodulin-I, a cartilage-derived growth modulating factor, and its expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 260 (3): 869–78. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00227.x. PMID10103018.
Hiraki Y, Shukunami C (July 2000). "Chondromodulin-I as a novel cartilage-specific growth-modulating factor". Pediatric Nephrology. 14 (7): 602–5. doi:10.1007/s004670000339. PMID10912526.
Hayami T, Shukunami C, Mitsui K, Endo N, Tokunaga K, Kondo J, Takahashi HE, Hiraki Y (September 1999). "Specific loss of chondromodulin-I gene expression in chondrosarcoma and the suppression of tumor angiogenesis and growth by its recombinant protein in vivo". FEBS Letters. 458 (3): 436–40. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01201-6. PMID10570955.
Yanagihara I, Yamagata M, Sakai N, Shukunami C, Kurahashi H, Yamazaki M, Michigami T, Hiraki Y, Ozono K (March 2000). "Genomic organization of the human chondromodulin-1 gene containing a promoter region that confers the expression of reporter gene in chondrogenic ATDC5 cells". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 15 (3): 421–9. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.3.421. PMID10750556.
Azizan A, Holaday N, Neame PJ (June 2001). "Post-translational processing of bovine chondromodulin-I". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (26): 23632–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009967200. PMID11323410.
Aoyama T, Okamoto T, Nagayama S, Nishijo K, Ishibe T, Yasura K, Tsuboyama T, Nakayama T, Nakashima Y, Nakamura T, Toguchida J (February 2004). "Expression of the chondromodulin-I gene in chondrosarcomas". Cancer Letters. 204 (1): 61–8. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2003.09.015. PMID14744535.
Aoyama T, Okamoto T, Nagayama S, Nishijo K, Ishibe T, Yasura K, Nakayama T, Nakamura T, Toguchida J (July 2004). "Methylation in the core-promoter region of the chondromodulin-I gene determines the cell-specific expression by regulating the binding of transcriptional activator Sp3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (27): 28789–97. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401273200. PMID15107420.
Yoshioka M, Yuasa S, Matsumura K, Kimura K, Shiomi T, Kimura N, Shukunami C, Okada Y, Mukai M, Shin H, Yozu R, Sata M, Ogawa S, Hiraki Y, Fukuda K (October 2006). "Chondromodulin-I maintains cardiac valvular function by preventing angiogenesis". Nature Medicine. 12 (10): 1151–9. doi:10.1038/nm1476. PMID16980969.
