Hypersensitivity pneumonitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sargun Singh Walia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be caused by exposure to organic antigens that can occur in different occupations. Hundreds of etiological causes can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Different types of occupations like farmers, poultry/bird handlers, veterinarians, construction workers and textile industry workers are exposed to different kinds of antigens that lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Causes
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be caused by exposure to organic antigens that can occur in different occupations.
- Hundreds of etiological causes can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Etiology can be divided among various occupations:
Farmers[1]
- Farmers lung is the most common form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- It can further be divided based on the type of farming and antigen exposure.
- Tobacco farmer: Most common antigen are aspergillus and scopulariopsis brevicaulis.
- Paprika pods farmer: Most common antigen mucor stolonifer.
- Wine makers: Most common antigen botrytis cincrea.
- Mushroom cultivaters: Most common antigens are mushroom spores and thermophilic actinomycetes.
- Potato farming: Most common antigens are thermophilic actinomycetes, T. vulgaris and F. rectivirgula.
Poultry/bird handling[2]
- Excreta of birds and cattle may induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Proteinaceous material on droppings, feathers and serum proteins is dispersed through dust.
- It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure:
- Poultry workers: Serum proteins from chicken products lead to feather plucker's disease.
- Turkey handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from turkey products.
- Duck handlers: Most common antigens are serum proteins from duck feathers products.
Veterinarians
- Vererinarians are exposed to variety of organic antigens as they work in close proximity to animals.
Constructions workers[3]
- Construction workers work with a variety of materials which can get infected with mold
- This can then disperse in fine dust particles carrying mold particles acting as antigens.
- It can further be divided based on the type of antigen exposure:
- Wood dust: Most common antigens are Alternaria sp and Bacillus subtilis.
- Maple bark: Most common antigen is cryptostroma corticale.
- Composter: Most common antigens are T. vulgaris, and aspergillus.
- Thatched-roof: Most common antigen is saccharomonospora viridis
- Esparto dust: Most common antigens aspergillus fumigatus and T. actinomycetes.
Textile workers[4]
- This exposure can lead to atypical type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- Diffuse alveolar injury in the form of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis is most common.
- Exposure to antigens like cotton mill dust, aflatoxin-producing fungus and puffball spores leads to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
References
- ↑ Malmberg P, Rask-Andersen A, Rosenhall L (1993). "Exposure to microorganisms associated with allergic alveolitis and febrile reactions to mold dust in farmers". Chest. 103 (4): 1202–9. PMID 8131466.
- ↑ Chan AL, Juarez MM, Leslie KO, Ismail HA, Albertson TE (2012). "Bird fancier's lung: a state-of-the-art review". Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 43 (1–2): 69–83. doi:10.1007/s12016-011-8282-y. PMID 21870048.
- ↑ Alegre J, Morell F, Cobo E (1990). "Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of workers exposed to cork dust, toluene diisocyanate and conidia". Scand J Work Environ Health. 16 (3): 175–81. PMID 2166333.
- ↑ Lougheed MD, Roos JO, Waddell WR, Munt PW (1995). "Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and diffuse alveolar damage in textile workers. Potential role of mycotoxins". Chest. 108 (5): 1196–200. PMID 7587416.