Gonorrhea epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [3]
Overview
Gonorrhea is a very common infectious disease. In the United States, gonorrhea is the second most common STD (after chlamydia).[1] In 2012, the incidence of gonorrhea was reported to be 106 million cases worldwide.[2] In 2014, a total of 350,062 cases of gonorrhea were reported in the United States.[3]
Epidemiology and demographics
Incidence and Prevalence
- In 2012, the incidence of gonorrhea was reported to be 106 million cases worldwide.[2]
- Based on data for the period between 2005 and 2012, the estimated pooled prevalence for gonorrhea in women globally was 0.8% (0.6–1.0%) and 0.6% (0.4–0.9%) in men.
- In 2012, the global incidence rate for gonorrhea was estimated to be 1900 cases per 100,000 in women and 2400 per 100,000 in men.[4]
- In 2014, a total of 350,062 cases of gonorrhea were reported in the United States or about 1000 per 100,000 people.[3]
Age
- In 2014, rates of reported gonorrhea cases in the United States continued to be highest among adolescents and young adults.
- In 2014, the highest rates in women were observed among those aged 20–24 years (500 cases per 100,000 females) and 15–19 years (430 cases per 100,000 females).
- In 2014, the highest rates in men were observed among those aged 20–24 years (480 cases per 100,000 males) and 25–29 years (370 cases per 100,000 males).[5]
- In 2015, the highest rates in men and women were observed among those aged 20–24 years (547 cases per 100,000 females and 539 cases per 100,000 males).[6]
Gender
- Globally, men are more commonly affected with gonorrhea than women. This suggests increased transmission among gay men, bisexual men, or men who have sex with men (MSM).
- Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is more common in women than men.[7]
- In 2012, the global prevalence of gonorrhea among women aged 15–49 years was estimated to range from 600 to 1,000 cases per 100,000 individuals.
- In 2012, the global prevalence of gonorrhea among men was estimated to range from 400 to 900 cases per 100,000 individuals.
- In 2014, the United States' incidence of gonorrhea was reported to be 120 cases per 100,000 males and 100 cases per 100,000 females.[8]
- In 2015, the United States' incidence of gonorrhea was reported to be 141 cases per 100,000 males and 107 cases per 100,000 females.[6]
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Race
In 2014, the United States' incidence of gonococcal infection among African-Americans was 400 cases per 100,000; 160 cases per 100,000 among American Indians/Alaska Natives; 100 cases per 100,000 among Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders; and 38 cases per 100,000 among Whites.
- The incidence in Blacks is 10.6 times the incidence in Whites.[5]
- The incidence in American Indians/ Alaska Native was 4.2 times the incidence in Whites.
- The incidence in Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders was 2.7 times the incidence in Whites.
In 2015, the United States' incidence of gonococcal infection remained highest among African-Americans was (425 cases per 100,000); 192,8 cases per 100,000 among American Indians/Alaska Natives; 123 cases per 100,000 among Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders; and 38 cases per 100,000 among Whites.[9]
- The incidence in Blacks is 9.6 times the incidence in Whites.[9]
- The incidence in American Indians/ Alaska Native was 4.4 times the incidence in Whites.
- The incidence in Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders was 2.8 times the incidence in Whites.
Developed Country
- In the United State, gonorrhea is the second most common STD (after chlamydia).[1]
- In the United States, the CDC estimates more than 300,000 reported cases of gonorrhea per year, yet the CDC estimates that 820,000 new infections may actually occur each year.[10]
Gonorrhea by Region in the United States
- In 2014, a total of 350,062 gonorrhea cases were reported, and the national gonorrhea rate increased to 124 cases per 100,000 population[3]
- In 2014, the state with the lowest prevalence of gonorrhea was Vermont, with 13 cases per 100,000 people. The state with the highest prevalence was the District of Columbia, with 291.3 cases per 100,000 people.[8]
- In 2015, a total of 395,216 gonorrhea cases were reported, and the national gonorrhea rate increased to 110.7 cases per 100,000 population meaning that the rate of reported gonorrhea increased by 12.8% since 2014 and 19.9% since 2011.[9]
- In 2015, the state with the lowest prevalence of gonorrhea was New Hampshire, with 18.5 cases per 100,000 people. The state with the highest prevalence was the District of Columbia, with 416.2 cases per 100,000 people.[9]Source: Centers for disease control: https://www.cdc.gov/
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- In 2014, among the four region of the United States (South, Midwest, West, and Northeast), the South had the highest rate of reported gonorrhea cases.
- In 2015, South had the highest incidence (146 cases per 100,000) followed by the West (118 cases per 100,000) then the Midwest (115.7 per 100,000) and the Northeast (94.2 per 100,000). [9]
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2013. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 World Health Organization. Emergence of multidrug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70603/1/WHO_RHR_11.14_eng.pdf Accessed on September 8, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reported STDs in the United States 2014 National Data for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/std-trends-508.pdf
- ↑ Newman, Lori, et al. "Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting." PloS one 10.12 (2015): e0143304.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 2014 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance. Gonorrhea (2014) http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/gonorrhea.htm
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "CDC - Gonorrhea Statistics".
- ↑ O'Brien JP, Goldenberg DL, Rice PA (1983). "Disseminated gonococcal infection: a prospective analysis of 49 patients and a review of pathophysiology and immune mechanisms". Medicine (Baltimore). 62 (6): 395–406. PMID 6415361.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 29, 2016
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "Gonorrhea - 2015 STD Surveillance".
- ↑ Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis 2013;40:187–93.