Fecal-oral route
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Many diseases can be passed when fecal particles from one host are introduced into the mouth of another potential host. This is referred to as the fecal-oral route (or alternatively, the oral-fecal route or orofecal route).
There are, usually, intermediate steps, sometimes many of them. Amongst the more common causes are: Water that has come in contact with feces and poorly treated before drinking; food that has been handled with feces present; poor sewage treatment; poor or absent cleaning after handling feces or anything that has been in contact with feces.
Some sexual practice — such as anal-oral sex, coprophilia — can also spread disease by the fecal-oral route.[1]
Some diseases that can be passed via the fecal-oral route:
- Giardiasis[2]
- Hepatitis A[3]
- Hepatitis E[4]
- Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)[5]
- Typhoid fever[6]
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections[7]
- Polio
- Cholera
References
- ↑ http://www.fenwayhealth.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5203&news_iv_ctrl=0&abbr=FCHC_srv_&JServSessionIdr006=ru7nqs2t63.app5a
- ↑ Meyer EA (1996). Other Intestinal Protozoa and Trichomonas Vaginalis in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ↑ Zuckerman AJ (1996). Hepatitis Viruses in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ↑ Wang L, Zhuang H (2004). "Hepatitis E: an overview and recent advances in vaccine research". World J Gastroenterol. 10 (15): 2157–62. PMID 15259057.
- ↑ Hale TL, Keusch GT (1996). Shigella in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ↑ Giannella RA (1996). Salmonella:Epidemiology in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ↑ Finkelstein RA (1996). Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.