Echinococcosis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2] ; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3] Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[4]

Overview

The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early infection, but may be ill looking in complicated cases. Physical examination of a patient with echinococcosis may reveal hypotension, fever, jaundice, pulmonary manifestations depending on the extend of the disease (cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, dullness or hyperrosnance, etc.), pitting edema, hepatomegaly and abdominal tenderness.^[1]^[2]

The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early infection
The patient may be ill looking in complicated cases(ruptures cysts-numerous hyperactive cysts-pulmonary cysts-etc.)

Fever
- Due to cyst ruptures that can lead to:
  - anaphylactic reaction
  - Secondary infection
Tachypnea
- In the presence of pulmonary ruptured cysts
Decreased blood oxygen saturation
- In pulmonary cases

Cough
Chest pain
Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Thoracic deformations
Pneumothorax
- Unequal breath sounds
- Hyperresonance with percussion over the chest wall
- Decreased wall movement on the affected side of the chest
Pleural effusion
- Dullness resonance in percussion
Empyema
- Friction rub
- Decreased breath sounds
- Wheezing
Atelectasis
- Decreased breath sounds in the region of atelectasis
- Dullness resonance in percussion
- Decreased chest excursion

Mechanical rupture of valves
- In Mitral valve prolapse as a click with late systolic murmur
Pericardial tamponade
- Pericardial rub
- Quiet heart sounds

↑ Chakraborty R, Smouse PE (1988). "Recombination of haplotypes leads to biased estimates of admixture proportions in human populations". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (9): 3071–4. PMC 280145. PMID 3362862.
↑ Arinc S, Kosif A, Ertugrul M, Arpag H, Alpay L, Unal O, Devran O, Atasalihi A (2009). "Evaluation of pulmonary hydatid cyst cases". Int J Surg. 7 (3): 192–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2008.11.003. PMID 19369124.