Dyssomnia

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Dyssomnia Classification and external resources
ICD-9	307.47, 780.56
MeSH	D020920

Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleeping disorder that make it difficult to get to sleep, or to stay sleeping.

Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these. Transient episodes are usually of little significance. Stress, caffeine, physical discomfort, daytime napping, and early bedtimes are common factors.

Contents 1 Major types of dyssomnias 2 Treatment 3 See also 4 External links

Major types of dyssomnias

There are over 30 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. Major groups of dyssomnias include:

• Intrinsic sleep disorders - 12 disorders recognized, including
  • hypersomnia,
  • narcolepsy,
  • periodic limb movement disorder,
  • restless legs syndrome,
  • sleep apnea.
• Extrinsic sleep disorders - 13 disorders recognized, including
  • alcohol-dependent sleep disorder,
  • food allergy insomnia,
  • inadequate sleep routine.
• Circadian rhythm sleep disorders - 6 disorders recognized, including
  • advanced sleep phase syndrome,
  • delayed sleep phase syndrome,
  • jetlag,
  • shift work sleep disorder.

Treatment

In general, there are two broad classes of treatment, and the two may be combined: psychological (cognitive-behavioral) and pharmacologic. In situations of acute distress, such as a grief reaction, pharmacologic measures may be most appropriate. With primary insomnia, however, initial efforts should be psychologically based.

See also

• Somnolence

External links

• Complete listing of the group of dysomnias and orders within each group
• Treatment of Specific Sleep Disorders - Dyssomnias

v • d • e WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioural disorders (F · 290–319)
Neurological/symptomatic	Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia) · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome
Psychoactive substance	Intoxication (drunkenness) · Physical dependence (alcohol dependence, opioid dependency, cocaine dependence) · Withdrawal (benzodiazepine withdrawal, delirium tremens) · Amnesic: (Korsakoff's syndrome)
Psychotic disorder	Schizophrenia (disorganized schizophrenia) · Schizotypal personality disorder · Delusional disorder · Folie à deux · Schizoaffective disorder
Mood (affective)	Mania · Bipolar disorder · Clinical depression · Cyclothymia · Dysthymia
Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform	Agoraphobia · Anxiety disorder · Panic disorder · Generalized anxiety disorder · Social Anxiety Disorder · OCD · Acute stress reaction · PTSD · Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) · Somatoform disorder · Somatization disorder · Neurasthenia
Physiological/physical behavioural	Eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) · Sleep disorder (dyssomnia, insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia, night terror, nightmare) · Sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, vaginismus, dyspareunia, hypersexuality) · Postpartum depression
Adult personality and behaviour	Personality disorder · Passive-aggressive behavior · Kleptomania · Trichotillomania · Voyeurism · Factitious disorder · Munchausen syndrome · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
Mental retardation	Mental retardation
Psychological development (developmental disorder)	Specific: speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp) · Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) · Motor function (developmental dyspraxia) Pervasive: Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome
Behavioural and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset	ADHD · Conduct disorder · Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · Tourette syndrome · Speech (stuttering · cluttering)

v • d • e Articles on Sleep
Sleep Stages	Rapid eye movement sleep • Beta wave sleep • Gamma wave sleep • Non-rapid eye movement sleep • Slow-wave sleep • Theta wave sleep • Delta wave sleep
Sleep disorders	Sleep deprivation • Insomnia • Parasomnia • Sleepwalking • Sleeptalking • Night terror • Dyssomnia • Hypersomnia • Narcolepsy • Sleep apnea • Ondine's curse • Nocturnal myoclonus • Circadian rhythm sleep disorder • Nocturia • Automatic behavior • Sleeping sickness
Benign Phenomena	Dream • Nightmare • Exploding head syndrome • Lucid dream • False awakening • Sleep paralysis • Hypnagogia • Hypnic jerk • Nocturnal emission • Somnolence
Other Sleep-related Topics	Bed bug • Sleep and learning • Snoring • Jet lag • Sleep debt • Power nap • Polyphasic sleep • Siesta • Bedtime • Bedtime story