Dopachrome tautomerase

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Species	Human	Mouse
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View/Edit Human

Dopachrome tautomerase (dopachrome delta-isomerase, tyrosine-related protein 2), also known as DCT, is a human gene. Its expression is regulated by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF).

See also

• Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)
• Dopachrome, a cyclization product of L-DOPA and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin.

Further reading

• Jackson IJ, Chambers DM, Tsukamoto K, et al. (1992). "A second tyrosinase-related protein, TRP-2, maps to and is mutated at the mouse slaty locus". EMBO J. 11 (2): 527–35. PMC 556483. PMID 1537334.
• Tobin D, Quinn AG, Ito S, Thody AJ (1995). "The presence of tyrosinase and related proteins in human epidermis and their relationship to melanin type". Pigment Cell Res. 7 (4): 204–9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00050.x. PMID 7855064.
• Bernd A, Ramirez-Bosca A, Kippenberger S, et al. (1995). "Levels of dopachrome tautomerase in human melanocytes cultured in vitro". Melanoma Res. 4 (5): 287–91. doi:10.1097/00008390-199410000-00003. PMID 7858411.
• Yokoyama K, Yasumoto K, Suzuki H, Shibahara S (1994). "Cloning of the human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein 2 gene and identification of two regulatory regions required for its pigment cell-specific expression". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (43): 27080–7. PMID 7929451.
• Orlow SJ, Zhou BK, Chakraborty AK, et al. (1994). "High-molecular-weight forms of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins: evidence for a melanogenic complex". J. Invest. Dermatol. 103 (2): 196–201. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12392743. PMID 8040609.
• Sturm RA, Baker E, Sutherland GR (1994). "Assignment of the tyrosinase-related protein-2 gene (TYRP2) to human chromosome 13q31-q32 by fluorescence in situ hybridization: extended synteny with mouse chromosome 14". Genomics. 21 (1): 293–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1266. PMID 8088811.
• Abdel-Malek Z, Swope V, Collins C, et al. (1994). "Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes". J. Cell Sci. 106 (4): 1323–31. PMID 8126111.
• Yokoyama K, Suzuki H, Yasumoto K, et al. (1994). "Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a cDNA coding for human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein-2". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1217 (3): 317–21. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90292-5. PMID 8148378.
• Cassady JL, Sturm RA (1994). "Sequence of the human dopachrome tautomerase-encoding TRP-2 cDNA". Gene. 143 (2): 295–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90114-7. PMID 8206391.
• Odh G, Hindemith A, Rosengren AM, et al. (1994). "Isolation of a new tautomerase monitored by the conversion of D-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (2): 619–24. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2524. PMID 8267597.
• Bouchard B, Del Marmol V, Jackson IJ, et al. (1994). "Molecular characterization of a human tyrosinase-related-protein-2 cDNA. Patterns of expression in melanocytic cells". Eur. J. Biochem. 219 (1–2): 127–34. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19922.x. PMID 8306979.
• Sturm RA, O'Sullivan BJ, Box NF, et al. (1996). "Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase-related protein gene family". Genomics. 29 (1): 24–34. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1211. PMID 8530077.
• Björk P, Aman P, Hindemith A, et al. (1996). "A new enzyme activity in human blood cells and isolation of the responsible protein (D-dopachrome tautomerase) from erythrocytes". Eur. J. Haematol. 57 (3): 254–6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1996.tb01372.x. PMID 8898931.
• Smith-Thomas L, Richardson P, Thody AJ, et al. (1997). "Human ocular melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells differ in their melanogenic properties in vivo and in vitro". Curr. Eye Res. 15 (11): 1079–91. doi:10.3109/02713689608995139. PMID 8950502.
• Wang RF, Appella E, Kawakami Y, et al. (1997). "Identification of TRP-2 as a Human Tumor Antigen Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes". J. Exp. Med. 184 (6): 2207–16. doi:10.1084/jem.184.6.2207. PMC 2211562. PMID 8976176.
• Chi DD, Merchant RE, Rand R, et al. (1997). "Molecular detection of tumor-associated antigens shared by human cutaneous melanomas and gliomas". Am. J. Pathol. 150 (6): 2143–52. PMC 1858329. PMID 9176405.
• Sugimoto H, Taniguchi M, Nakagawa A, et al. (1997). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human D-dopachrome tautomerase". J. Struct. Biol. 120 (1): 105–8. doi:10.1006/jsbi.1997.3904. PMID 9356298.
• Nishihira J, Fujinaga M, Kuriyama T, et al. (1998). "Molecular cloning of human D-dopachrome tautomerase cDNA: N-terminal proline is essential for enzyme activation". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243 (2): 538–44. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8123. PMID 9480844.
• Kippenberger S, Loitsch S, Solano F, et al. (1998). "Quantification of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and Trp-2 transcripts in human melanocytes by reverse transcriptase-competitive multiplex PCR--regulation by steroid hormones". J. Invest. Dermatol. 110 (4): 364–7. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00144.x. PMID 9540976.
• Lupetti R, Pisarra P, Verrecchia A, et al. (1998). "Translation of a Retained Intron in Tyrosinase-related Protein (TRP) 2 mRNA Generates a New Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL)-defined and Shared Human Melanoma Antigen Not Expressed in Normal Cells of the Melanocytic Lineage". J. Exp. Med. 188 (6): 1005–16. doi:10.1084/jem.188.6.1005. PMC 2212536. PMID 9743519.