Dementia risk factors
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Dementia Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ,Sabeeh Islam, MBBS[2]
Overview
Studies suggests that low educational attainment, physical inactivity, and social isolation are associated with increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Also higher levels of education along with cognitive and social activity produce a cognitive reserve that decreases the impact of neurodegeneration on cognitive function.[1] The stress hypothesis suggests that active individuals have more positive emotional states and reduced stress, leading to a lower susceptibility to dementia. Individuals with higher levels of education may show less cognitive decline or delayed development of clinical dementia compared with those with lower levels of education[2]
Risk factors
There are several risk factors of dementia but most mentionable have been mentioned here :
- Degenerative: This is the most common cause of dementia, named Alzheimer's disease.
- Stroke
- Lewy body disease
- Parkinson's disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Huntington's disease
- Pick's disease
- Progressive supranuclear palsy[3]
- Brain tumors
- Brain infection
- Low educational attainment
- Midlife hypertension
- Midlife obesity
- Elevated plasma homocysteine level
- Down Syndrome
- Smoking
- Social isolation
- Late-life depression
- Female gender
- low IQ
- Genetics
- ↑ Weuve J, Kang JH, Manson JE, Breteler MM, Ware JH, Grodstein F (September 2004). "Physical activity, including walking, and cognitive function in older women". JAMA. 292 (12): 1454–61. doi:10.1001/jama.292.12.1454. PMID 15383516.
- ↑ Yaffe K, Weston A, Graff-Radford NR, Satterfield S, Simonsick EM, Younkin SG, Younkin LH, Kuller L, Ayonayon HN, Ding J, Harris TB (January 2011). "Association of plasma beta-amyloid level and cognitive reserve with subsequent cognitive decline". JAMA. 305 (3): 261–6. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1995. PMC 3108075. PMID 21245181.
- ↑ Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V, Costafreda SG, Huntley J, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S, Burns A, Cohen-Mansfield J, Cooper C, Fox N, Gitlin LN, Howard R, Kales HC, Larson EB, Ritchie K, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Samus Q, Schneider LS, Selbæk G, Teri L, Mukadam N (December 2017). "Dementia prevention, intervention, and care". Lancet. 390 (10113): 2673–2734. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6. PMID 28735855.