Carcinoma of the penis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The incidence of carcinoma of the penis is approximately 1 per 100,000 males in the United States. The majority of cases are reported in less developed areas. The incidence of carcinoma of the penis increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 60 years.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Penile cancer is a malignancy that is rare in the Western Hemisphere [1] [2]
- The incidence of carcinoma of the penis is approximately 1 per 100,000 males in the United States
- Penile cancer accounts for 0.4–0.6% of malignant diagnoses in the USA and Europe, and is responsible for 0.1% of cancer deaths
- The incidence is significantly higher in developing countries where penile cancer constitutes a significant public health hazard
- Two pathways have been proposed for penile cancer development—one related to HPV infection and the other related to phimosis and/or chronic inflammation
Age
The incidence of carcinoma of the penis increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 60 years.[3][4]
Race
Carcinoma of the penis usually affects individuals of the white, African American, and Hispanic race. Asian males are less likely to develop carcinoma of the penis.[3]
Developing Countries
The majority of carcinoma of the penis cases are reported in less developed areas, such as Africa, Asia, and South America.[5]
References
- ↑ Pow-Sang, Mariela R.; Ferreira, Ubirajara; Pow-Sang, Julio M.; Nardi, Aguinaldo C.; Destefano, Victor (2010). "Epidemiology and Natural History of Penile Cancer". Urology. 76 (2): S2–S6. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2010.03.003. ISSN 0090-4295.
- ↑ National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/hp Accessed on Septermber, 30 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hernandez BY, Barnholtz-Sloan J, German RR, Giuliano A, Goodman MT, King JB; et al. (2008). "Burden of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in the United States, 1998-2003". Cancer. 113 (10 Suppl): 2883–91. doi:10.1002/cncr.23743. PMC 2693711. PMID 18980292.
- ↑ Hegarty PK, Kayes O, Freeman A, Christopher N, Ralph DJ, Minhas S (2006). "A prospective study of 100 cases of penile cancer managed according to European Association of Urology guidelines". BJU Int. 98 (3): 526–31. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06296.x. PMID 16925747.
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2015). "Cancer statistics, 2015". CA Cancer J Clin. 65 (1): 5–29. doi:10.3322/caac.21254. PMID 25559415.