Benign prostatic hyperplasia medical therapy
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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.
Medical Therapy
Lifestyle Modification
Patients should decrease fluid intake before bedtime, moderate the consumption of alcohol and caffeine-containing products, and follow timed voiding schedules.
Pharmacotherapy
Alpha blockers (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists) provide symptomatic relief of BPH symptoms. Available drugs include doxazosin, terazosin, alfuzosin and tamsulosin. Older drugs, phenoxybenzamine and prazosin are not recommended for treatment of BPH [1]. Alpha-blockers relax smooth muscle in the prostate and the bladder neck, and decrease the degree of blockage of urine flow. Alpha-blockers may cause ejaculation back into the bladder (retrograde ejaculation).
The 5α-reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) are another treatment option. When used together with alpha blockers a reduction of BPH progression to acute urinary retention and surgery has been noted in patients with larger prostates.[2]
There is also extensive evidence of the efficacy of Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) fruit extracts in alleviating mild-to-moderate BPH symptoms; a systematic review of evidence found comparable efficacy to finasteride.[3] Other herbal medicines that have solid research support in systematic reviews include beta-sitosterol from Hypoxis rooperi (African star grass) and pygeum (extracted from the bark of Prunus africana), while there is less substantial support for the efficacy of Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) seed and Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) root.[4] At least one double-blind trial has also supported the efficacy of rye flower pollen.[5]
Sildenafil shows some symptomatic relief, suggesting a possible common etiology with erectile dysfunction[6].
References
- ↑ AUA Practice Guidelines Committee.AUA guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2003). Chapter 1: Diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol 170(2 Pt 1): 530-47. PMID 12853821
- ↑ Kaplan SA, McConnell JD, Roehrborn CG, et al (2006). Combination therapy with doxazosin and finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and a baseline total prostate volume of 25 ml or greater. J Urol 175(1): 217-20. PMID 16406915.
- ↑ Wilt TJ, Ishani A, MacDonald R, (2002). Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002 (3), CD001423. (Medline abstract)
- ↑ Wilt TJ, Ishani A, Rutks I, MacDonald R (2000) Phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia Public Health Nutr 3(4A):459-72 (Medline abstract)
- ↑ Buck AC, Cox R, Rees RWM, et al. (1990) Treatment of outflow tract obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia with the pollen extract, Cernilton. A double-blind placebo-controlled study Br J Urol 66:398-404 (Medline abstract)
- ↑ McVary KT, Monnig W, Camps JL Jr, et al (2007). Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and urinary symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Urol 177(3) :1071-7. PMID 17296414