Anal cancer risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]

Overview

The most potent risk factor in the development of anal cancer is Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Other risk factors include receptive anal intercourse with multiple sexual partners, smoking, and immunosuppression.

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors associated with anal cancer are:

  • Sexual activity: Having multiple sex partners or having anal sex, due to the increased risk of exposure to the HPV virus.[2]
  • Smoking: Current smokers are several times more likely to develop anal cancer compared with nonsmokers.[2]
  • Being older than 50 years [3]
  • Frequent anal redness, swelling, and soreness [3]
  • Having anal fistulas (abnormal openings) [3]

References

  1. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1350-8
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 American Cancer Society."What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq

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