WBR0805

Author	[[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1]]]
Exam Type	ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category	MainCategory::Embryology
Sub Category	SubCategory::Gastrointestinal
Prompt	[[Prompt::A 36 year old man with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency department for right upper quadrant abdominal pain and jaundice. On physical examination, his vital signs show a temperature of 38.5 degrees C (101.3 degrees F), heart rate of 96 bpm, and a blood pressure measuring 118/78 mmHg. Following appropriate work-up, the diagnosis of acute cholangitis is made. During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), he was found to have 2 distinct dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts. Which of the following embryologic processes failed to occur in this patient's incidental finding?]]
Answer A	AnswerA::Failed fusion
Answer A Explanation	AnswerAExp::Pancreatic divisum is caused by failure of fusion of the dorsal and ventral ducts.
Answer B	AnswerB::Failed apoptosis
Answer B Explanation	AnswerBExp::Pancreatic divisum is not due to failed apoptosis.
Answer C	AnswerC::Failed differentiation
Answer C Explanation	AnswerCExp::Pancreatic divisum is not due to failed differentiation.
Answer D	AnswerD::Failed proliferation
Answer D Explanation	AnswerDExp::Pancreatic divisum is not due to failed proliferation.
Answer E	AnswerE::Failed recanalization
Answer E Explanation	AnswerEExp::Pancreatic divisum is not due to failed recanalization.
Right Answer	RightAnswer::A
Explanation	[[Explanation::Pancreatic divisum is considered the most common variant of pancreatic ductal configuration that occurs in approximately 10% of the population. It is caused by failure of fusion of the dorsal and the ventral pancreatic ducts. Most patients with pancreatic divisum are asymptomatic and the diagnosis is based on incidental findings during ERCP. Only the minority of patients with pancreatic divisum are symptomatic and generally complain of non-specific recurrent abdominal pain and episodes of pancreatitis. Although no definitive cause for the symptoms has been confirmed, it is believed that the partial obstruction of pancreatic fluid at the level of the minor papilla causes an elevated pressure within the ducts and leads to pancreatitis. Symptomatic treatment for such patients is endoscopic sphincterotomy. Educational Objective: Pancreatic divisum is the most common congenital variant of pancreatic ductal configuration. It is caused by the failure of fusion of the distal and ventral pancreatic ducts leading to 2 distinct ducts. Reference: Manfrendi R, Costamagna G, Brizi MG, et al. Pancreas divisum and "santorinicele": diagnosis with dynamic MR cholangiopancreatography with secretin stimulation. Radiology. 2000;217:403-408. Educational Objective: References: ]]
Approved	Approved::No
Keyword	WBRKeyword::pancreatic, WBRKeyword::divisum, WBRKeyword::fusion, WBRKeyword::fuse, WBRKeyword::ventral, WBRKeyword::dorsal, WBRKeyword::duct, WBRKeyword::ducts, WBRKeyword::failure of fusion, WBRKeyword::failed fusion, WBRKeyword::pancreas, WBRKeyword::recanalization, WBRKeyword::differentiation, WBRKeyword::apoptosis, WBRKeyword::failure, WBRKeyword::failed, WBRKeyword::cholangitis, WBRKeyword::incidental, WBRKeyword::finding, WBRKeyword::fever, WBRKeyword::jaundice, WBRKeyword::abdominal, WBRKeyword::pain
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