WBR0685: Difference between revisions
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|MainCategory=Pathology | |MainCategory=Pathology | ||
|SubCategory=Neurology | |SubCategory=Neurology | ||
|MainCategory=Pathology | |||
|MainCategory=Pathology | |MainCategory=Pathology | ||
|MainCategory=Pathology | |MainCategory=Pathology | ||
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|Prompt=A 22 year old male patient with mental retardation and a history of seizures presents to the physician's office with several papulonodular lesions on the face since childhood. He explains that the lesions have been slowly increasing in size. Physical examination is remarkable for well-demarcated hypopigmented lesions on his right lower extremity and his back. Biopsy of the facial lesions is consistent with angiofibroma. Which of the following is most likely an additional finding in this patient? | |Prompt=A 22 year old male patient with mental retardation and a history of seizures presents to the physician's office with several papulonodular lesions on the face since childhood. He explains that the lesions have been slowly increasing in size. Physical examination is remarkable for well-demarcated hypopigmented lesions on his right lower extremity and his back. Biopsy of the facial lesions is consistent with angiofibroma. Which of the following is most likely an additional finding in this patient? | ||
|Explanation=The patient is presenting with tuberous sclerosus. It is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder characterized by the presence of facial angiofibromas, hypopigmented ash leaf spots on the skin, cortical and retinal hamartomas, seizures, mental retardation, renal angiomyolipomas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and astrocytomas. Not all findings are necessarily present in all patients with tuberous sclerosus. | |Explanation=The patient is presenting with tuberous sclerosus. It is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder characterized by the presence of facial angiofibromas, hypopigmented ash leaf spots on the skin, cortical and retinal hamartomas, seizures, mental retardation, renal angiomyolipomas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and astrocytomas. Not all findings are necessarily present in all patients with tuberous sclerosus. | ||
|AnswerA=Cardiac rhabdomyoma | |AnswerA=Cardiac rhabdomyoma | ||
|AnswerAExp=Cardiac rhabdomyomas are associated with tuberous sclerosus. | |AnswerAExp=Cardiac rhabdomyomas are associated with tuberous sclerosus. | ||
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|AnswerE=Hemangioblastoma | |AnswerE=Hemangioblastoma | ||
|AnswerEExp=Hemangioblastomas are associated with von-Hippel Lindau disease. | |AnswerEExp=Hemangioblastomas are associated with von-Hippel Lindau disease. | ||
|EducationalObjectives=Cardiac rhabdomyomas are associated with tuberous sclerosus. | |||
|References=First Aid 2015 page 236 | |||
|RightAnswer=A | |RightAnswer=A | ||
|WBRKeyword= | |WBRKeyword=Cardiology, Heart, Cardiac rhabdomyoma, Rhabdomyomas, Tuberous sclerosus, Facial angiofibroma, Mental retardation, Autosomal dominant, Seizure, Hamartomas, Cortical, Retinal, Renal, Angiomyolipomas, Astrocytoma, Ash leaf spot, spots, Hypopigmentation, Skin lesion, | ||
|Approved= | |Approved=Yes | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 14:46, 20 April 2015
| Author | [[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1]]] |
|---|---|
| Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
| Main Category | MainCategory::Pathology |
| Sub Category | SubCategory::Neurology |
| Prompt | [[Prompt::A 22 year old male patient with mental retardation and a history of seizures presents to the physician's office with several papulonodular lesions on the face since childhood. He explains that the lesions have been slowly increasing in size. Physical examination is remarkable for well-demarcated hypopigmented lesions on his right lower extremity and his back. Biopsy of the facial lesions is consistent with angiofibroma. Which of the following is most likely an additional finding in this patient?]] |
| Answer A | AnswerA::Cardiac rhabdomyoma |
| Answer A Explanation | AnswerAExp::Cardiac rhabdomyomas are associated with tuberous sclerosus. |
| Answer B | AnswerB::Pheochromocytoma |
| Answer B Explanation | AnswerBExp::Pheochromocytomas are associated with MEN II syndromes, von Hippel Lindau, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and neurofibromatosis type 1 |
| Answer C | AnswerC::Iris hamartoma |
| Answer C Explanation | AnswerCExp::Iris hamartomas are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. |
| Answer D | AnswerD::Accoustic schwannoma |
| Answer D Explanation | AnswerDExp::Bilateral accoustic schwannomas are seen in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2. |
| Answer E | AnswerE::Hemangioblastoma |
| Answer E Explanation | AnswerEExp::Hemangioblastomas are associated with von-Hippel Lindau disease. |
| Right Answer | RightAnswer::A |
| Explanation | [[Explanation::The patient is presenting with tuberous sclerosus. It is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder characterized by the presence of facial angiofibromas, hypopigmented ash leaf spots on the skin, cortical and retinal hamartomas, seizures, mental retardation, renal angiomyolipomas, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and astrocytomas. Not all findings are necessarily present in all patients with tuberous sclerosus. Educational Objective: Cardiac rhabdomyomas are associated with tuberous sclerosus. |
| Approved | Approved::Yes |
| Keyword | WBRKeyword::Cardiology, WBRKeyword::Heart, WBRKeyword::Cardiac rhabdomyoma, WBRKeyword::Rhabdomyomas, WBRKeyword::Tuberous sclerosus, WBRKeyword::Facial angiofibroma, WBRKeyword::Mental retardation, WBRKeyword::Autosomal dominant, WBRKeyword::Seizure, WBRKeyword::Hamartomas, WBRKeyword::Cortical, WBRKeyword::Retinal, WBRKeyword::Renal, WBRKeyword::Angiomyolipomas, WBRKeyword::Astrocytoma, WBRKeyword::Ash leaf spot, WBRKeyword::spots, WBRKeyword::Hypopigmentation, WBRKeyword::Skin lesion |
| Linked Question | Linked:: |
| Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |