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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of [[urinary incontinence]] include [[aging]], family history of [[urinary incontinence]], [[multiparity]], [[vaginal]] delivery, [[menopause]], [[obesity]], [[pelvic]] organ [[prolapse]] and history of comorbidities such as [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | Common risk factors in the development of [[urinary incontinence]] include [[aging]], family history of [[urinary incontinence]], [[multiparity]], [[vaginal]] delivery, [[menopause]], [[obesity]], [[pelvic]] organ [[prolapse]] and history of comorbidities such as [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] and [[osteoarthritis]], [[neurologic]] disorders such as [[stroke]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[parkinson]] and [[cerebral palsy]], history of urogenital surgeries, [[constipation]], history of [[urinary tract infection]], physical disabilities, high intake of [[alcohol]], [[caffeine]] and some [[medications]]. | ||
==Common Risk Factors== | ==Common Risk Factors== | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of [[urinary incontinence]] are<ref name="pmid30643051">{{cite journal| author=Yan W, Li X, Sun S, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng X | display-authors=etal| title=[Risk factors for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence]. | journal=Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban | year= 2018 | volume= 43 | issue= 12 | pages= 1345-1350 | pmid=30643051 | doi=10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30643051 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28401541">{{cite journal| author=Schreiber Pedersen L, Lose G, Høybye MT, Elsner S, Waldmann A, Rudnicki M| title=Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and analysis of potential risk factors in Germany and Denmark. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 8 | pages= 939-948 | pmid=28401541 | doi=10.1111/aogs.13149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28401541 }} </ref><ref name="urlUrinary incontinence - NHS">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-incontinence/ |title=Urinary incontinence - NHS |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>: | *Common risk factors in the development of [[urinary incontinence]] are<ref name="pmid30643051">{{cite journal| author=Yan W, Li X, Sun S, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng X | display-authors=etal| title=[Risk factors for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence]. | journal=Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban | year= 2018 | volume= 43 | issue= 12 | pages= 1345-1350 | pmid=30643051 | doi=10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30643051 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28401541">{{cite journal| author=Schreiber Pedersen L, Lose G, Høybye MT, Elsner S, Waldmann A, Rudnicki M| title=Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and analysis of potential risk factors in Germany and Denmark. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 8 | pages= 939-948 | pmid=28401541 | doi=10.1111/aogs.13149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28401541 }} </ref><ref name="urlUrinary incontinence - NHS">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-incontinence/ |title=Urinary incontinence - NHS |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid32399294">{{cite journal| author=Aly WW, Sweed HS, Mossad NA, Tolba MF| title=Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence in Frail Elderly Females. | journal=J Aging Res | year= 2020 | volume= 2020 | issue= | pages= 2425945 | pmid=32399294 | doi=10.1155/2020/2425945 | pmc=7201653 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32399294 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27734727">{{cite journal| author=Bardsley A| title=An overview of urinary incontinence. | journal=Br J Nurs | year= 2016 | volume= 25 | issue= 18 | pages= S14-S21 | pmid=27734727 | doi=10.12968/bjon.2016.25.18.S14 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27734727 }} </ref>: | ||
**increasing [[age]] | **increasing [[age]] | ||
**family history of [[urinary incontinence]] | **family history of [[urinary incontinence]] | ||
** [[menopause]] | ** [[menopause]] | ||
**number of pregnancy and | **number of [[pregnancy]] and childbirth in women | ||
** [[obesity]] or higher [[body mass index]] | ** [[obesity]] or higher [[body mass index]] | ||
**type of delivery especially vaginal delivery | **type of delivery especially vaginal delivery | ||
** [[pelvic]] organ [[prolapse]] | ** [[pelvic]] organ [[prolapse]] | ||
** history of comorbidities such as [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | ** history of comorbidities such as [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | ||
**history of urogenital surgeries | |||
**history of [[urinary tract infection]] | |||
** [[neurologic]] disorders such as [[stroke]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[parkinson]] and [[cerebral palsy]] | |||
**[[constipation]] | |||
**[[osteoarthritis]] | |||
**some [[medications]] | |||
**high intake of [[alcohol]] and [[caffeine]] | |||
**physical disabilities | |||
*Women with BMI <35 is associated with higher risk of developing '''stress''' [[urinary incontinence]], whereas women with BMI ≥35 are at higher risk of '''mixed''' [[urinary incontinence]]. <ref name="pmid28401541">{{cite journal| author=Schreiber Pedersen L, Lose G, Høybye MT, Elsner S, Waldmann A, Rudnicki M| title=Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and analysis of potential risk factors in Germany and Denmark. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 8 | pages= 939-948 | pmid=28401541 | doi=10.1111/aogs.13149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28401541 }} </ref> | *Women with BMI <35 is associated with higher risk of developing '''stress''' [[urinary incontinence]], whereas women with BMI ≥35 are at higher risk of '''mixed''' [[urinary incontinence]]. <ref name="pmid28401541">{{cite journal| author=Schreiber Pedersen L, Lose G, Høybye MT, Elsner S, Waldmann A, Rudnicki M| title=Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and analysis of potential risk factors in Germany and Denmark. | journal=Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 8 | pages= 939-948 | pmid=28401541 | doi=10.1111/aogs.13149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28401541 }} </ref> | ||
*Risk factors associated with [[postpartum]] [[urinary incontinence]] include<ref name="pmid27384198">{{cite journal| author=Leroy Lda S, Lúcio A, Lopes MH| title=Risk factors for postpartum urinary incontinence. | journal=Rev Esc Enferm USP | year= 2016 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 200-7 | pmid=27384198 | doi=10.1590/S0080-623420160000200004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27384198 }} </ref>: | *Risk factors associated with [[postpartum]] [[urinary incontinence]] include<ref name="pmid27384198">{{cite journal| author=Leroy Lda S, Lúcio A, Lopes MH| title=Risk factors for postpartum urinary incontinence. | journal=Rev Esc Enferm USP | year= 2016 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 200-7 | pmid=27384198 | doi=10.1590/S0080-623420160000200004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27384198 }} </ref>: | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of urinary incontinence include aging, family history of urinary incontinence, multiparity, vaginal delivery, menopause, obesity, pelvic organ prolapse and history of comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoarthritis, neurologic disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, parkinson and cerebral palsy, history of urogenital surgeries, constipation, history of urinary tract infection, physical disabilities, high intake of alcohol, caffeine and some medications.
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of urinary incontinence are[1][2][3][4][5]:
- increasing age
- family history of urinary incontinence
- menopause
- number of pregnancy and childbirth in women
- obesity or higher body mass index
- type of delivery especially vaginal delivery
- pelvic organ prolapse
- history of comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- history of urogenital surgeries
- history of urinary tract infection
- neurologic disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, parkinson and cerebral palsy
- constipation
- osteoarthritis
- some medications
- high intake of alcohol and caffeine
- physical disabilities
- Women with BMI <35 is associated with higher risk of developing stress urinary incontinence, whereas women with BMI ≥35 are at higher risk of mixed urinary incontinence. [2]
- Risk factors associated with postpartum urinary incontinence include[6]:
- history of urinary incontinence during pregnancy
- multiparity
- gestational age at birth ≥37 weeks
- constipation
Less Common Risk Factors
References
- ↑ Yan W, Li X, Sun S, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng X; et al. (2018). "[Risk factors for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence]". Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 43 (12): 1345–1350. doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.010. PMID 30643051.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schreiber Pedersen L, Lose G, Høybye MT, Elsner S, Waldmann A, Rudnicki M (2017). "Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and analysis of potential risk factors in Germany and Denmark". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 96 (8): 939–948. doi:10.1111/aogs.13149. PMID 28401541.
- ↑ "Urinary incontinence - NHS".
- ↑ Aly WW, Sweed HS, Mossad NA, Tolba MF (2020). "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence in Frail Elderly Females". J Aging Res. 2020: 2425945. doi:10.1155/2020/2425945. PMC 7201653 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32399294 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Bardsley A (2016). "An overview of urinary incontinence". Br J Nurs. 25 (18): S14–S21. doi:10.12968/bjon.2016.25.18.S14. PMID 27734727.
- ↑ Leroy Lda S, Lúcio A, Lopes MH (2016). "Risk factors for postpartum urinary incontinence". Rev Esc Enferm USP. 50 (2): 200–7. doi:10.1590/S0080-623420160000200004. PMID 27384198.