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==References==
==References==
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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Latest revision as of 16:00, 23 October 2020

Urinary incontinence Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of urinary incontinence include aging, family history of urinary incontinence, multiparity, vaginal delivery, menopause, obesity, pelvic organ prolapse and history of comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoarthritis, neurologic disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, parkinson and cerebral palsy, history of urogenital surgeries, constipation, history of urinary tract infection, physical disabilities, high intake of alcohol, caffeine and some medications.

Common Risk Factors

Less Common Risk Factors

References

  1. Yan W, Li X, Sun S, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng X; et al. (2018). "[Risk factors for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence]". Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 43 (12): 1345–1350. doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.010. PMID 30643051.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Schreiber Pedersen L, Lose G, Høybye MT, Elsner S, Waldmann A, Rudnicki M (2017). "Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and analysis of potential risk factors in Germany and Denmark". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 96 (8): 939–948. doi:10.1111/aogs.13149. PMID 28401541.
  3. "Urinary incontinence - NHS".
  4. Aly WW, Sweed HS, Mossad NA, Tolba MF (2020). "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence in Frail Elderly Females". J Aging Res. 2020: 2425945. doi:10.1155/2020/2425945. PMC 7201653 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32399294 Check |pmid= value (help).
  5. Bardsley A (2016). "An overview of urinary incontinence". Br J Nurs. 25 (18): S14–S21. doi:10.12968/bjon.2016.25.18.S14. PMID 27734727.
  6. Leroy Lda S, Lúcio A, Lopes MH (2016). "Risk factors for postpartum urinary incontinence". Rev Esc Enferm USP. 50 (2): 200–7. doi:10.1590/S0080-623420160000200004. PMID 27384198.