Unoprostone: Difference between revisions

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<!--Warnings-->
<!--Warnings-->
|warnings======Iris Pigmentation=====
|administration=* Ophthalmic
 
|alcohol=Alcohol-Unoprostone interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
* Unoprostone isopropyl [[ophthalmic]] solution may gradually increase the [[iris|pigmentation of the iris]]. The [[pigmentation]] change is believed to be due to increased [[melanin]] content in the [[melanocytes]] rather than to an increase in the number of [[melanocytes]]. The long term effects of increased [[pigmentation]] are not known. [[Iris]] color changes seen with administration of unoprostone isopropyl [[ophthalmic]] solution may not be noticeable for several months to years. Typically, the brown [[pigmentation]] around the [[pupil]] spreads concentrically towards the periphery of the [[iris]] and the entire [[iris]] or parts of the [[iris]] become more brownish. Neither [[nevi]] nor [[freckles]] of the iris appear to be affected by treatment. Treatment with Rescula solution can be continued in patients who develop noticeably increased [[iris]] [[pigmentation]].
 
* Patients who receive treatment with Rescula should be informed of the possibility of increased [[pigmentation]].
 
=====Lid Pigmentation=====
 
* Unoprostone isopropyl has been reported to cause [[pigment]] changes (darkening) to [[periorbital]] [[pigment|pigmented]] tissues and [[eyelashes]]. The [[pigmentation]] is expected to increase as long as unoprostone isopropyl is administered, but has been reported to be reversible upon discontinuation of unoprostone isopropyl [[ophthalmic]] solution in most patients.
 
=====Intraocular Inflammation=====
 
* Rescula should be used with caution in patients with active [[intraocular]] [[inflammation]] (e.g., [[uveitis]]) because the [[inflammation]] may be exacerbated.
 
=====Macular Edema=====
 
* [[Macular edema]], including cystoid macular edema, has been reported. Rescula should be used with caution in aphakic patients, in pseudophakic patients with a torn posterior lens capsule, or in patients with known risk factors for macular edema.
 
=====Contamination of Tip and Solution=====
 
* To minimize contaminating the dropper tip and solution, care should be taken not to touch the eyelids or surrounding areas with the dropper tip of the bottle. Keep bottle tightly closed when not in use. There have been reports of bacterial keratitis associated with the use of multiple-dose containers of topical ophthalmic products.
 
=====Use with Contact Lenses=====
 
* Rescula contains benzalkonium chloride, which may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Contact lenses should be removed prior to application of solution and may be reinserted 15 minutes following its administration [see Patient Counseling Information.
|clinicalTrials======Clinical Studies Experience=====
 
* Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
 
* In clinical studies, the most common ocular adverse reactions with use of Rescula were burning/stinging, burning/stinging upon drug instillation, dry eyes, itching, increased length of eyelashes, and injection. These were reported in approximately 10–25% of patients. Approximately 10–14% of patients were observed to have an increase in the length of eyelashes (≥ 1 mm) at 12 months, while 7% of patients were observed to have a decrease in the length of eyelashes.
 
* Ocular adverse reactions occurring in approximately 5–10% of patients were abnormal vision, eyelid disorder, foreign body sensation, and lacrimation disorder.
 
* Ocular adverse reactions occurring in approximately 1–5% of patients were blepharitis, cataract, conjunctivitis, corneal lesion, discharge from the eye, eye hemorrhage, eye pain, keratitis, irritation, photophobia, and vitreous disorder.
 
* Other ocular adverse reactions reported in less than 1% of patients were acute elevated intraocular pressure, color blindness, corneal deposits, corneal edema, corneal opacity, diplopia, hyperpigmentation of the eyelid, increased number of eyelashes, iris hyperpigmentation, iritis, optic atrophy, ptosis, retinal hemorrhage, and visual field defect.
 
* The most frequently reported nonocular adverse reaction associated with the use of Rescula in the clinical trials was flu-like syndrome that was observed in approximately 6% of patients. Nonocular adverse reactions reported in the 1–5% of patients were accidental injury, allergic reaction, back pain, bronchitis, increased cough, diabetes mellitus, dizziness, headache, hypertension, insomnia, pharyngitis, pain, rhinitis, and sinusitis.
 
=====Postmarketing Experience=====
 
* The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Rescula. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure.
 
* Voluntary reports of adverse reactions occurring with the use of Rescula include corneal erosion.
 
* There have been rare spontaneous reports with a different formulation of unoprostone isopropyl (0.12%) of chemosis, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting and palpitations.
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Drug Interactions-->
|drugInteractions=There is limited information regarding <i>Drug Interaction</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
|FDAPregCat=C
|useInPregnancyFDA=* There were no teratogenic effects observed in rats and rabbits up to 5 and 0.3 mg/kg/day (approximately 1,000 and 60 fold the recommended human dose of 0.005 mg/kg/day in the rat and rabbit, respectively). There was an increase in the incidence of miscarriages and a decrease in live birth index in rats administered unoprostone isopropyl during organogenesis at subcutaneous doses of 5 mg/kg. There was an increase in incidence of miscarriages and resorptions and a decrease in the number of live fetuses in rabbits administered unoprostone isopropyl during organogenesis at subcutaneous doses of 0.3 mg/kg. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for embryofetal toxicity in rats and rabbits was 2 and 0.1 mg/kg (approximately 400 and 20 fold the recommended human dose of 0.005 mg/kg/day in the rat and rabbit, respectively).
 
* There was an increase in incidence of premature delivery, a decrease in live birth index, and a decrease in weight at birth and through postpartum Day 7 in rats administered unoprostone isopropyl during late gestation through postpartum Day 21 at subcutaneous doses of 1.25 mg/kg. In addition, pups from rats administered 1.25 mg/kg subcutaneously exhibited delayed growth and development characterized by delayed incisor eruption and eye opening. There was an increase in the number of stillborn pups and a decrease in perinatal survival in rats administered unoprostone isopropyl during late gestation through weaning at subcutaneous doses of ≥ 0.5 mg/kg. The NOAEL for pre- and postnatal toxicity in rats was 0.2 mg/kg (approximately 40 fold the recommended human dose of 0.005 mg/kg/day).
 
* There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal studies are not always predictive of human response, Rescula should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
 
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to during labor and delivery.
|useInNursing=* It is not known whether Rescula is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Rescula is administered to a nursing woman.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=* No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and other adult patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
 
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--IV Compatibility-->
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose=There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Pharmacology-->
 
<!--Drug box 2-->
|drugBox=<!--Mechanism of Action-->{{Drugbox2
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 409092026
| IUPAC_name = (''Z'')-7-[(1''R'',2''R'',3''R'',5''S'')-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-oxodecyl)<br>cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
| image = Unoprostone.png
 
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = 
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|CONS|unoprostone}}
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B            / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_category = 
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S3 / S4 / S5 / S6 / S7 / S8 / S9 -->
| legal_CA = <!--            / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL        / P      / POM / CD / Class A, B, C -->
| legal_US = <!-- OTC                  / Rx-only  / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
| legal_status = 
| routes_of_administration = Topical ([[eye drop]]s)
 
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 
| protein_bound = 
| metabolism = 
| elimination_half-life = 
| excretion = 
 
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 120373-36-6
| CAS_supplemental = {{CAS|120373-24-2}}
| ATC_prefix = S01
| ATC_suffix = EE02
| PubChem = 5311236
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = 
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = 6X4F561V3W
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D08661
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1201407
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4470755
|  smiles = O=C(O)CCC/C=C\C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)CCCCCCC
|  InChI = 1/C22H38O5/c1-2-3-4-5-8-11-17(23)14-15-19-18(20(24)16-21(19)25)12-9-6-7-10-13-22(26)27/h6,9,18-21,24-25H,2-5,7-8,10-16H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/b9-6-/t18-,19-,20+,21-/m1/s1
|  InChIKey = TVHAZVBUYQMHBC-SNHXEXRGBX
|  StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C22H38O5/c1-2-3-4-5-8-11-17(23)14-15-19-18(20(24)16-21(19)25)12-9-6-7-10-13-22(26)27/h6,9,18-21,24-25H,2-5,7-8,10-16H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/b9-6-/t18-,19-,20+,21-/m1/s1
|  StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = TVHAZVBUYQMHBC-SNHXEXRGSA-N
 
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=22 | H=38 | O=5
| molecular_weight = 382.534 g/mol
}}
}}
|mechAction=* Rescula is believed to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. Unoprostone isopropyl (UI) may have a local effect on BK (Big Potassium) channels and ClC-2 chloride channels, but the exact mechanism is unknown at this time.
|structure=* Rescula (unoprostone isopropyl ophthalmic solution) 0.15% is a synthetic docosanoid. Unoprostone isopropyl has the chemical name isopropyl (+)-(Z)-7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-oxodecyl)cyclopentyl-5-heptenoate. Its molecular formula is C25H44O5 and its chemical structure is:
: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
|PD=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
|PK=====Absorption====
* After application to the eye, unoprostone isopropyl is absorbed through the cornea and conjunctival epithelium where it is hydrolyzed by esterases to unoprostone free acid.
* A study conducted with 18 healthy volunteers dosed bilaterally with unoprostone isopropyl ophthalmic solution twice daily for 14 days demonstrated little systemic absorption of unoprostone isopropyl. The systemic exposure of its metabolite unoprostone free acid was minimal following the ocular administration. Mean peak unoprostone free acid concentration was less than 1.5 ng/mL. Little or no accumulation of unoprostone free acid was observed.
=====Metabolism=====
* Following ocular application, unoprostone isopropyl is hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea to its biological active metabolite, unoprostone free acid. Unoprostone free acid is further metabolized to several inactive metabolites with lower molecular weight and increased polarity via ω- or β-oxidation. No secondary conjugation is found and no significant effect on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity has been observed.
=====Elimination=====
* Elimination of unoprostone free acid from human plasma is rapid, with a half-life of 14 minutes. Plasma levels of unoprostone free acid dropped below the lower limit of quantitation (< 0.25 ng/mL) 1 hour following ocular instillation. The metabolites are excreted predominately in urine.
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=====Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility=====
* Unoprostone isopropyl was not carcinogenic in rats administered oral doses up to 12 mg/kg/day for up to 2 years (approximately 580 and 240 fold the recommended human dose of 0.005 mg/kg/day based on AUC0–24 in male and female rats, respectively).
* Under the conditions tested, unoprostone isopropyl and unoprostone free acid were neither mutagenic in an Ames assay nor clastogenic in a chromosome aberration assay in Chinese hamster lung–derived fibroblast cells. Under the conditions tested, unoprostone isopropyl was not genotoxic in a mouse lymphoma mutation assay or clastogenic in an in vivo chromosomal aberration test in mouse bone marrow.
* Unoprostone isopropyl did not impair male or female fertility in rats at subcutaneous doses up to 50 mg/kg (approximately 10,000 fold the recommended human dose of 0.005 mg/kg/day).
|clinicalStudies=* In six (6) month randomized controlled clinical studies in patients with a mean baseline intraocular pressure of 23 mmHg, Rescula lowered intraocular pressure by approximately 3–4 mmHg throughout the day. Rescula appeared to lower intraocular pressure without affecting cardiovascular or pulmonary function.
|howSupplied=* Rescula (unoprostone isopropyl ophthalmic solution) 0.15% is supplied sterile in a low-density polyethylene bottle with a low-density polyethylene dropper tip, a turquoise polypropylene closure, and a clear tamper-evident shrinkband.
5 mL in a 7.5 mL bottle NDC 17350-015-05
<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
|storage=* Store between 2°–25°C (36°–77°F).
|fdaPatientInfo======Handling the Bottle=====
* Patients should be instructed that the Rescula bottle must be maintained intact and to avoid allowing the tip of the bottle to contact surrounding structures, fingers, or any other unintended surface in order to avoid contamination of the bottle or applicator by common bacteria known to cause ocular infections. Serious infections may result from using contaminated solutions.
=====Potential for Iris Darkening=====
* Patients should be advised about the potential for increased brown iris pigmentation which is likely to be permanent.
=====Potential For Eyelid Skin Darkening=====
* Patients should be informed about the possibility of eyelid skin darkening, which may be reversible after discontinuation of Rescula.
=====Use with Contact Lenses=====
* Patients should be advised that Rescula contains benzalkonium chloride, which may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Contact lenses should be removed prior to application of Rescula and may be reinserted 15 minutes following its administration.
=====Multiple Therapies=====
* If more than one topical ophthalmic therapy is being used patients should be instructed to administer the drugs at least 5 minutes apart.
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
<!--Brand Names-->
|brandNames=* Rescula®
|drugShortage=
}}
{{PillImage
|fileName=No image.jpg
}}
<!--Pill Image-->
<!--Label Display Image-->
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
}}
<!--Category-->
[[Category:Drug]]

Revision as of 16:29, 30 March 2015

Unoprostone
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adeel Jamil, M.D. [2]

Disclaimer

WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc drug pages is based upon the FDA package insert, National Library of Medicine content and practice guidelines / consensus statements. WikiDoc does not promote the administration of any medication or device that is not consistent with its labeling. Please read our full disclaimer here.

Overview

Unoprostone is a antiglaucoma, prostaglandin and ophthalmologic agent that is FDA approved for the treatment of for lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Common adverse reactions include increased hair growth of eyelash, abnormal vision, burning sensation in eye, disorder of eyelid, disorder of lacrimal system, dry eyes, hyperemia of surface of eye and itching of eye.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Open-Angle Glaucoma=

  • The recommended dosage is one drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily.
  • Rescula may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower intraocular pressure. If two drugs are used, they should be administered at least five (5) minutes apart.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Unoprostone in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Unoprostone in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Unoprostone in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Unoprostone in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Unoprostone in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Rescula is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to unoprostone isopropyl or any other ingredient in this product.

Warnings

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Warnings' in the drug label.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Clinical Trials Experience in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): There is no FDA guidance on usage of Unoprostone in women who are pregnant.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Unoprostone in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Unoprostone during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone in women who are nursing.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone in pediatric settings.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone in geriatric settings.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Unoprostone in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Unoprostone in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Ophthalmic

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Unoprostone and IV administrations.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Pharmacokinetics in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Clinical Studies in the drug label.

How Supplied

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone How Supplied in the drug label.

Storage

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Unoprostone |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Unoprostone |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Unoprostone interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Brand Names in the drug label.

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Unoprostone Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.