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| | __NOTOC__ |
| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
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| Name = Trichinosis |
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| Image = |
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| Caption = |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|75||b|65}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|124}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = |
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| DiseasesDB = 13326 |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| eMedicineSubj = |
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| eMedicineTopic = |
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| }}
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| {{Trichinosis}} | | {{Trichinosis}} |
| {{CMG}} | | |
| | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DL}} |
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| | {{SK}} Trichinella spiralis infection; trichinellosis; trichiniasis |
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| ==[[Trichinosis overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Trichinosis overview|Overview]]== |
| | ==[[Trichinosis historical perspective|Historical perspective]]== |
| | ==[[Trichinosis classification|Classification]]== |
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| ==[[Trichinosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== | | ==[[Trichinosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| ==[[Trichinosis history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]]==
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| ==[[Trichinosis laboratory tests|Lab Tests]]==
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| ==Treatment==
| | ==[[Trichinosis causes|Causes ]]== |
| ==[[Trichinosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]== | |
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| ==[[Trichinosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]== | | ==[[Trichinosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Trichinosis from other Diseases]]== |
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| ==International Commission on trichinellosis== | | ==[[Trichinosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| The International Commission on trichinellosis (ICT) was created in 1958 in Budapest and is aiming to exchange information on the biology, the physiopathology, the epidemiology, the immunology, and the clinical aspects of trichinellosis in humans and animals. Prevention is a primary goal. Since the creation of the ICT, its members (more than 110 from 46 countries) have regularly gathered and worked together during meetings held every 4 years : the [[International Conference on Trichinellosis]].
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| ==[[Trichinosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]== | | ==[[Trichinosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| *Cooking [[meat]] products until the juices run clear or to an internal temperature of 170 °[[Fahrenheit|F]] (77 °[[Celsius|C]]).
| | ==[[Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| *Freezing pork] less than 6 inches thick for 20 days at 5 °F (−15 °C) or three days at −4 °F (−20 °C) kills larval worms.
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| *Cooking wild game meat thoroughly. Freezing wild game meats, unlike freezing pork products, even for long periods of time, may not effectively kill all worms. This is because the species of trichinella that typically infects wild game is more resistant to freezing than the species that infects pigs.
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| *Cooking all meat fed to pigs or other wild animals.
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| * Keeping pigs in clean pens with floors that can be washed (such as concrete). This is standard in Germany, where raw pork is a common delicacy and trichinosis is rarer than in the U.S.
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| *Not allowing hogs to eat uncooked carcasses of other animals, including rats, which may be infected with trichinosis.
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| *Cleaning meat grinders thoroughly when preparing ground meats.
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| *Control and destruction of meat containing trichinae, e.g., removal and proper disposal of porcine diaphragms prior to public sale of meat.
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| The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] makes the following recommendation: "Curing (salting), drying, smoking, or microwaving meat does not consistently kill infective worms."<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| | url = http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trichinosis/factsht_trichinosis.htm
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| | title = Parasitic Disease Information - Trichinellosis
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| | author = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], Division of Parasitic Diseases
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| | date = 2004-07-15
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| | accessdate = 2007-01-28
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| }}
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| </ref>
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| However, under controlled commercial food processing conditions some of these methods are considered effective by the [[United States Department of Agriculture]].<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| | url = http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=f9361ee66063187dffee4c083c24b6a7&rgn=div5&view=text&node=9:2.0.2.1.19&idno=9#9:2.0.2.1.19.1.21.9
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| | title = Electronic Code of Federal Regulations; Title 9: Animals and Animal Products; PART 318—ENTRY INTO OFFICIAL ESTABLISHMENTS; REINSPECTION AND PREPARATION OF PRODUCTS; § 318.10 Prescribed treatment of pork and products containing pork to destroy trichinae
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| | author = [[United States Department of Agriculture]]
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| | accessdate = 2007-01-28
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| }}
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| </ref>
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| ==References==
| | [[Trichinosis diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Trichinosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Trichinosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Trichinosis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Trichinosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==Additional Resources== | | ==Treatment== |
| *''The text of the original version of this article was taken from the public domain resource at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trichinosis/factsht_trichinosis.htm''
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| *[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]. Trichinosis Surveillance, United States, 1987-1990, MMWR 1991;40:(SS-3)35-42.
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| *Moorhead A, Grunenwald PE, Dietz VJ, Schantz PM. Trichinellosis in the United States, 1991-1996: Declining but not gone. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60:66-69.
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| * [http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/9CF318.html US FDA regulations - Title 9 - Chapter 3 - Part 318 - includes "Prescribed treatment of pork and products containing pork to destroy trichinae."]
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| ==Web pages==
| | [[Trichinosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Trichinosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Trichinosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Trichinosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Trichinosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| [http://www.med.unipi.it/ict/welcome.htm International Commission on trichinellosis web pages]
| | ==Case Studies== |
| [[bg:Спирална трихина]]
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| [[ca:Triquinosi]]
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| [[cs:Trichinelóza]]
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| [[da:Trikin]]
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| [[de:Trichinellose]]
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| [[es:Trichinellosis]]
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| [[fr:Trichinose]]
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| [[it:Trichinellosi]]
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| [[he:שערוניות]]
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| [[lt:Trichineliozė]]
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| [[pt:Triquinose]]
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| [[sv:Trikinos]]
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| | [[Trichinosis case study one|Case #1]] |
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| [[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]] | | [[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[pl:Włośnica (choroba)]] | | [[Category:Parasitic diseases]] |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |