Tetanus natural history: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
Tetanus can have an incubation period of 2 to 38 days with the man being 7 to days post exposure.<ref name="pmid25149223">{{cite journal| author=Thwaites CL, Beeching NJ, Newton CR| title=Maternal and neonatal tetanus. | journal=Lancet | year= 2015 | volume= 385 | issue= 9965 | pages= 362-70 | pmid=25149223 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60236-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25149223 }} </ref> | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Revision as of 15:01, 26 May 2017
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Tetanus natural history |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Tetanus can have an incubation period of 2 to 38 days with the man being 7 to days post exposure. Tetanus has a fatality rate of almost 11%. The fatality rate of tetanus might be associated with prolonged convulsions and contractions.[1]
Natural History
Tetanus can have an incubation period of 2 to 38 days with the man being 7 to days post exposure.[1]
Complications
There are many complications associated with tetanus infection. Some of the complications are as follows:
- Laryngospasm
- This can be associated with spasms of the muscles of respiration which leads to breathing difficulties.
- Fractures of the spine or long bones
- This may result from prolonged contractions and convulsions
- Hyperactivity of autonomic nervous system
- This may lead to an abnormal heart rhythm and/or hypertension
- Nosocomial infections
- Common because of prolonged hospitalization
- There are commonly some secondary infections including:
- Sepsis from indwelling catheters
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia
- Decubitus ulcers
- Pulmonary embolism
- Apparent in drug users and the elderly
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Common late complication
- Found in 50%-70% of autopsied cases
Prognosis
Tetanus results in death in almost 10-20% of cases. The rate of death is higher among older people. The fatality rate of tetanus might be associated with prolonged contractions and convulsions.[1] In the recent years:
- Tetanus has been fatal in approximately 11% of reported cases
- Most commonly fatal cases found in:
- People of 60 years or older (approximately 18%)
- Unvaccinated people (approximately 22%)
- In about 20% of deaths, no obvious pathology is detected
- Death is attributed directly to the direct effects of tetanus toxin.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Thwaites CL, Beeching NJ, Newton CR (2015). "Maternal and neonatal tetanus". Lancet. 385 (9965): 362–70. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60236-1. PMID 25149223.