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{{St. Louis encephalitis}}
{{St. Louis encephalitis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}: {{VVS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AG}}; '''Contributor(s):''' {{VVS}}, {{Irfan Dotani}}


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==Overview==
==Overview==
The diagnostic method of choice for St. Louis encephalitis is laboratory testing. In St. Louis encephalitis, [[cerebrospinal fluid]] examination shows a moderate (typically [[lymphocytic]]) [[pleocytosis]]. 2/3 of patients with St. Louis encephalitis may have elevated concentration of CSF protein, which usually indicative of neuroinvasive disease. In the absence of a sensitive and non-invasive virus detection method, serologic testing is the primary method for diagnosing St. Louis encephalitis.<ref name= SLE>St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Antibodies (IgG, IgM). Quest Diagnostics (2016). http://www.questdiagnostics.com/testcenter/BUOrderInfo.action?tc=34982X&labCode=QTE Accessed on August 1, 2016.</ref><ref name= SLEV>Saint Louis Encephalitis. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2009). https://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/symptoms.html Accessed on August 1, 2016.</ref>


In acute SLEV neuroinvasive disease cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination shows a moderate (typically lymphocytic) pleocytosis. CSF protein is elevated in about a half to two-thirds of cases. SLEV is difficult to isolate from clinical samples and almost all isolates have come from brain tissue or CSF. In the absence of a sensitive and non-invasive virus detection method, serologic testing is the primary method for diagnosing SLEV infection. Combined with a consistent clinico-epidemiologic presentation, a rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute neuroinvasive SLEV disease can be made by the detection of SLEV-specific IgM antibody in serum or CSF. SLEV IgM tests are available commercially, in some state health department laboratories, and at CDC. A positive SLEV IgM test result should be confirmed by neutralizing antibody testing of acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens at a state public health laboratory or CDC. To submit specimens for testing at CDC, contact your state health department. All SLEV disease cases should be reported to local public health authorities.
==Laboratory Findings==
The diagnostic method of choice for St. Louis encephalitis is laboratory testing. In St. Louis encephalitis, [[cerebrospinal fluid]] examination shows a moderate (typically [[lymphocytic]]) [[pleocytosis]]. 2/3 of patients with St. Louis encephalitis may have elevated concentration of CSF protein, which usually indicative of neuroinvasive disease. In the absence of a sensitive and non-invasive virus detection method, serologic testing is the primary method for diagnosing SLEV infection. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis can be made by the detection of St. Louis encephalitis-specific [[IgM]] antibody in [[serum]] or CSF.<ref name= SLE>St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Antibodies (IgG, IgM). Quest Diagnostics (2016). http://www.questdiagnostics.com/testcenter/BUOrderInfo.action?tc=34982X&labCode=QTE Accessed on August 1, 2016.</ref><ref name= SLEV>Saint Louis Encephalitis. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2009). https://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/symptoms.html Accessed on August 1, 2016.</ref>
 
Other laboratory findings include:
 
*[[Leukocytosis]]
*[[Anemia|Mild anemia]]
*[[Hyponatremia]]
 
A positive St. Louis encephalitis [[IgM]] test result should be confirmed by neutralizing antibody testing of acute- and convalescent-phase [[serum]] specimens at the [https://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/symptoms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention].


==References==
==References==
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{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 19:07, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]; Contributor(s): Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [3], Irfan Dotani [4]

Overview

The diagnostic method of choice for St. Louis encephalitis is laboratory testing. In St. Louis encephalitis, cerebrospinal fluid examination shows a moderate (typically lymphocytic) pleocytosis. 2/3 of patients with St. Louis encephalitis may have elevated concentration of CSF protein, which usually indicative of neuroinvasive disease. In the absence of a sensitive and non-invasive virus detection method, serologic testing is the primary method for diagnosing St. Louis encephalitis.[1][2]

Laboratory Findings

The diagnostic method of choice for St. Louis encephalitis is laboratory testing. In St. Louis encephalitis, cerebrospinal fluid examination shows a moderate (typically lymphocytic) pleocytosis. 2/3 of patients with St. Louis encephalitis may have elevated concentration of CSF protein, which usually indicative of neuroinvasive disease. In the absence of a sensitive and non-invasive virus detection method, serologic testing is the primary method for diagnosing SLEV infection. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis can be made by the detection of St. Louis encephalitis-specific IgM antibody in serum or CSF.[1][2]

Other laboratory findings include:

A positive St. Louis encephalitis IgM test result should be confirmed by neutralizing antibody testing of acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Antibodies (IgG, IgM). Quest Diagnostics (2016). http://www.questdiagnostics.com/testcenter/BUOrderInfo.action?tc=34982X&labCode=QTE Accessed on August 1, 2016.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Saint Louis Encephalitis. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (2009). https://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/symptoms.html Accessed on August 1, 2016.


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