Sarcoma botryoides
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3
Overview
Sarcoma botryoides is a rare, and very malignant subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The most commonly affected sites is the vagina, and it occurs more frequently among young girls. The most common clinical finding is vaginal bleeding.
Historical Perspective
- Sarcoma botryoides was first discovered by Alexander Brunschwig, an American physican in 1946.
Classification
- Sarcoma botryoides may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of sarcoma botryoides include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of sarcoma botryoides is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
- The has been associated with the development of sarcoma botryoides.
- On gross pathology, characteristic findings of sarcoma botryoides, include:
- Grape-like morphology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of sarcoma botryoides, include:
- Rhabdomyoblasts that may contain cross-striations
- Tumor cells are crowded in a distinct layer beneath the vaginal epithelium (cambium layer)
- Spindle-shaped tumor cells that are desmin positive
- Randomly arranged small cells
- Myxoid matrix
- Strap cells:
- Tadpole-like morphology
Causes
- There are no established causes for sarcoma botryoides.
Differentiating Sarcoma Botryoides from Other Diseases
- Sarcoma botryoides must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of sarcoma botryoides is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Age
- The median age at diagnosis is 3 years (approximately 38.3 months)
- Sarcoma botryoides is more commonly observed among patients aged 3 to 8 years old.
- Sarcoma botryoides is more commonly observed among children, and toddlers.
Gender
- Sarcoma botryoides affects females and males equally.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for sarcoma botryoides.
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of sarcoma botryoides, include:
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with sarcoma botryoides remain asymptomatic.
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with sarcoma botryoides may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of sarcoma botryoides include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with sarcoma botryoides is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Symptoms
- Sarcoma botryoides is usually asymptomatic.
- Symptoms of sarcoma botryoides may include the following:
- [symptom 1]
- [symptom 2]
- [symptom 3]
- [symptom 4]
- [symptom 5]
- [symptom 6]
Physical Examination
- Patients with sarcoma botryoides usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
- [finding 4]
- [finding 5]
- [finding 6]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with sarcoma botryoides.
Imaging Findings
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for sarcoma botryoides.
- On [imaging study 1], sarcoma botryoides is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for sarcoma botryoides; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for sarcoma botryoides is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for sarcoma botryoides.
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of sarcoma botryoides.
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] sarcoma botryoides.
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for sarcoma botryoides.