SNAI2: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 02:01, 27 October 2017

Zinc finger protein SNAI2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAI2 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the Snail superfamily of C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor that binds to E-box motifs and is also likely to repress E-cadherin transcription in breast carcinoma. This protein is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and has antiapoptotic activity. It regulates differentiation and migration of neural crest cells along with other genes (e.g. FOXD3, SOX9 and SOX10, BMPs) in embryonic life. Mutations in this gene may be associated with sporadic cases of neural tube defects.^[3]

Function

The human embryonic protein SNAI2, commonly known as SLUG, is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor which downregulates expression of E-cadherin in premigratory neural crest cells; thus, SNAI2 induces tightly bound epithelial cells to break into a loose mesenchymal phenotype, allowing gastrulation of mesoderm in the developing embryo.^[4]^[5] Structurally similar to anti-apoptotic Ces-1 in C. elegans, SLUG is a negative regulator of productive cell death in the developing embryo and adults.^[4]^[6]

Clinical significance

Widely expressed in human tissues, SLUG is most notably absent in peripheral blood leukocytes, adult liver, and both fetal and adult brain tissues.^[6] SLUG plays a role in breast carcinoma as well as leukemia by downregulation of E-cadherin, which supports mesenchymal phenotype by shifting expression from a Type I to Type II cadherin profile.^[6]^[7] Maintenance of mesenchymal phenotype enables metastasis of tumor cells, though SLUG is expressed in carcinomas regardless to invasiveness.^[4]^[5]^[6] A knockout model using chick embryos has also showed inhibition of mesodermal and neural crest delamination; chick embryo Slug gain of function appears to increase neural crest production.^[4] Mutations in Slug are associated with loss of pregnancy during gastrulation in some animals.^[4]

Interactions

BMPs precede expression of SLUG, and are suspected as the immediate upstream inducers of gene expression.^[5]^[8]

References

↑ Rhim H, Savagner P, Thibaudeau G, Thiery JP, Pavan WJ (Jan 1998). "Localization of a neural crest transcription factor, Slug, to mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 8". Mammalian Genome. 8 (11): 872–3. doi:10.1007/s003359900601. PMID 9337409.
↑ Cohen ME, Yin M, Paznekas WA, Schertzer M, Wood S, Jabs EW (August 1998). "Human SLUG gene organization, expression, and chromosome map location on 8q". Genomics. 51 (3): 468–71. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5367. PMID 9721220.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Entrez Gene: SNAI2 snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)".
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Nieto MA (March 2002). "The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 3 (3): 155–66. doi:10.1038/nrm757. PMID 11994736.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Carlson BM (2013). Human Embryology and Developmental Biology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 101–102, 106, 313, 362, 382. ISBN 978-1-4557-2794-0.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, Goi K, Shinjyo T, Ozawa K, Mao M, Inaba T, Look AT (September 1999). "SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein". Molecular Cell. 4 (3): 343–52. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80336-6. PMID 10518215.
↑ Kalluri R, Weinberg RA (June 2009). "The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 119 (6): 1420–8. doi:10.1172/jci39104. PMC 2689101. PMID 19487818.
↑ Sakai D, Wakamatsu Y (2005). "Regulatory mechanisms for neural crest formation". Cells, Tissues, Organs. 179 (1–2): 24–35. doi:10.1159/000084506. PMID 15942190.

Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Savagner P, Yamada KM, Thiery JP (June 1997). "The zinc-finger protein slug causes desmosome dissociation, an initial and necessary step for growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition". The Journal of Cell Biology. 137 (6): 1403–19. doi:10.1083/jcb.137.6.1403. PMC 2132541. PMID 9182671.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Stegmann K, Boecker J, Kosan C, Ermert A, Kunz J, Koch MC (August 1999). "Human transcription factor SLUG: mutation analysis in patients with neural tube defects and identification of a missense mutation (D119E) in the Slug subfamily-defining region". Mutation Research. 406 (2–4): 63–9. doi:10.1016/S1383-5726(99)00002-3. PMID 10479723.
Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, Goi K, Shinjyo T, Ozawa K, Mao M, Inaba T, Look AT (September 1999). "SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein". Molecular Cell. 4 (3): 343–52. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80336-6. PMID 10518215.
Hemavathy K, Guru SC, Harris J, Chen JD, Ip YT (July 2000). "Human Slug is a repressor that localizes to sites of active transcription". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (14): 5087–95. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.14.5087-5095.2000. PMC 85958. PMID 10866665.
Hajra KM, Chen DY, Fearon ER (March 2002). "The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer". Cancer Research. 62 (6): 1613–8. PMID 11912130.
Sánchez-Martín M, Rodríguez-García A, Pérez-Losada J, Sagrera A, Read AP, Sánchez-García I (December 2002). "SLUG (SNAI2) deletions in patients with Waardenburg disease". Human Molecular Genetics. 11 (25): 3231–6. doi:10.1093/hmg/11.25.3231. PMID 12444107.
Kajita M, McClinic KN, Wade PA (September 2004). "Aberrant expression of the transcription factors snail and slug alters the response to genotoxic stress". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (17): 7559–66. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.17.7559-7566.2004. PMC 506998. PMID 15314165.
Catalano A, Rodilossi S, Rippo MR, Caprari P, Procopio A (November 2004). "Induction of stem cell factor/c-Kit/slug signal transduction in multidrug-resistant malignant mesothelioma cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (45): 46706–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M406696200. PMID 15337769.
Uchikado Y, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, Setoyama T, Matsumoto M, Ishigami S, Aikou T (February 2005). "Slug Expression in the E-cadherin preserved tumors is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Clinical Cancer Research. 11 (3): 1174–80. PMID 15709186.
Tripathi MK, Misra S, Khedkar SV, Hamilton N, Irvin-Wilson C, Sharan C, Sealy L, Chaudhuri G (April 2005). "Regulation of BRCA2 gene expression by the SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (17): 17163–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M501375200. PMC 3092429. PMID 15734731.
Tripathi MK, Misra S, Chaudhuri G (April 2005). "Negative regulation of the expressions of cytokeratins 8 and 19 by SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 329 (2): 508–15. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.006. PMC 3086003. PMID 15737616.
Moody SE, Perez D, Pan TC, Sarkisian CJ, Portocarrero CP, Sterner CJ, Notorfrancesco KL, Cardiff RD, Chodosh LA (September 2005). "The transcriptional repressor Snail promotes mammary tumor recurrence". Cancer Cell. 8 (3): 197–209. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.07.009. PMID 16169465.
Chen M, Chen LM, Chai KX (June 2006). "Androgen regulation of prostasin gene expression is mediated by sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins and SLUG". The Prostate. 66 (9): 911–20. doi:10.1002/pros.20325. PMID 16541421.
Turner FE, Broad S, Khanim FL, Jeanes A, Talma S, Hughes S, Tselepis C, Hotchin NA (July 2006). "Slug regulates integrin expression and cell proliferation in human epidermal keratinocytes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (30): 21321–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.M509731200. PMID 16707493.

[pmid9337409-1] Rhim H, Savagner P, Thibaudeau G, Thiery JP, Pavan WJ (Jan 1998). "Localization of a neural crest transcription factor, Slug, to mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 8". Mammalian Genome. 8 (11): 872–3. doi:10.1007/s003359900601. PMID 9337409.

[pmid9721220-2] Cohen ME, Yin M, Paznekas WA, Schertzer M, Wood S, Jabs EW (August 1998). "Human SLUG gene organization, expression, and chromosome map location on 8q". Genomics. 51 (3): 468–71. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5367. PMID 9721220.

[entrez-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Entrez Gene: SNAI2 snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)".

[Nieto_2002-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Nieto MA (March 2002). "The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 3 (3): 155–66. doi:10.1038/nrm757. PMID 11994736.

[Carlson_2013-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Carlson BM (2013). Human Embryology and Developmental Biology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 101–102, 106, 313, 362, 382. ISBN 978-1-4557-2794-0.

[Inukai_1999-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, Goi K, Shinjyo T, Ozawa K, Mao M, Inaba T, Look AT (September 1999). "SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein". Molecular Cell. 4 (3): 343–52. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80336-6. PMID 10518215.

[7] Kalluri R, Weinberg RA (June 2009). "The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 119 (6): 1420–8. doi:10.1172/jci39104. PMC 2689101. PMID 19487818.

[8] Sakai D, Wakamatsu Y (2005). "Regulatory mechanisms for neural crest formation". Cells, Tissues, Organs. 179 (1–2): 24–35. doi:10.1159/000084506. PMID 15942190.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
+{{Infobox_gene}}
-{{PBB_Controls
+'''Zinc finger protein SNAI2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SNAI2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9337409">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rhim H, Savagner P, Thibaudeau G, Thiery JP, Pavan WJ | title = Localization of a neural crest transcription factor, Slug, to mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 8 | journal = Mammalian Genome | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | pages = 872–3 | date = Jan 1998 | pmid = 9337409 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1007/s003359900601 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9721220">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cohen ME, Yin M, Paznekas WA, Schertzer M, Wood S, Jabs EW | title = Human SLUG gene organization, expression, and chromosome map location on 8q | journal = Genomics | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 468–71 | date = August 1998 | pmid = 9721220 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1998.5367 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SNAI2 snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6591 }}</ref>
-| update_page = yes
-| require_manual_inspection = no
-| update_protein_box = yes
-| update_summary = yes
-| update_citations = yes
-}}
-<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
+== Function ==
-{{GNF_Protein_box
- | image =
- | image_source =
- | PDB =
- | Name = Snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)
- | HGNCid = 11094
- | Symbol = SNAI2
- | AltSymbols =; MGC10182; SLUG; SLUGH1; WS2D
- | OMIM = 602150
- | ECnumber =
- | Homologene = 31127
- | MGIid = 1096393
- | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SNAI2_213139_at_tn.png
- | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
- | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
- | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007499 |text = ectoderm and mesoderm interaction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009314 |text = response to radiation}}
- | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
-    | Hs_EntrezGene = 6591
-    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000019549
-    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003059
-    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003068
-    | Hs_GenLoc_db =
-    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 8
-    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 49992802
-    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 49996541
-    | Hs_Uniprot = O43623
-    | Mm_EntrezGene = 20583
-    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022676
-    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011415
-    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035545
-    | Mm_GenLoc_db =
-    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 16
-    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 14619437
-    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 14622963
-    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3UZ96
-  }}
-}}
-'''Snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)''', also known as '''SNAI2''' or '''Slug''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SNAI2 snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6591| accessdate = }}</ref>
-<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
+This gene encodes a member of the Snail superfamily of C2H2-type [[zinc finger]] [[transcription factor]]s. The encoded protein acts as a [[transcription (genetics)|transcriptional]] repressor that binds to E-box motifs and is also likely to repress [[E-cadherin]] transcription in breast carcinoma. This protein is involved in [[epithelial-mesenchymal transition]]s and has [[apoptosis|antiapoptotic]] activity. It regulates differentiation and migration of neural crest cells along with other genes (e.g. FOXD3, SOX9 and SOX10, BMPs) in embryonic life. Mutations in this gene may be associated with sporadic cases of [[neural tube]] [[neural tube defects|defects]].<ref name="entrez" />
-{{PBB_Summary
-| section_title =
-| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the Snail family of C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor that binds to E-box motifs and is also likely to repress E-cadherin transcription in breast carcinoma. This protein is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and has antiapoptotic activity. Mutations in this gene may be associated with sporatic cases of neural tube defects.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SNAI2 snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6591| accessdate = }}</ref>
-}}
-==References==
+== Function ==
-{{reflist|2}}
+The human embryonic protein SNAI2, commonly known as SLUG, is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor which downregulates expression of E-cadherin in premigratory neural crest cells; thus, SNAI2 induces tightly bound epithelial cells to break into a loose mesenchymal phenotype, allowing gastrulation of mesoderm in the developing embryo.<ref name="Nieto_2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nieto MA | title = The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors | journal = Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 155–66 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11994736 | doi = 10.1038/nrm757 }}</ref><ref name="Carlson_2013">{{cite book | title = Human Embryology and Developmental Biology | last = Carlson | first = Bruce M. | name-list-format = vanc | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2013 | edition = 5th | isbn = 978-1-4557-2794-0 | pages = 101–102, 106, 313, 362, 382 }}</ref> Structurally similar to anti-apoptotic ''Ces-1'' in ''C. elegans'', SLUG is a negative regulator of productive cell death in the developing embryo and adults.<ref name="Nieto_2002" /><ref name="Inukai_1999">{{cite journal | vauthors = Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, Goi K, Shinjyo T, Ozawa K, Mao M, Inaba T, Look AT | title = SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein | language = English | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 343–52 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10518215 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80336-6 }}</ref>
-==Further reading==
-{{refbegin | 2}}
+== Clinical significance ==
-{{PBB_Further_reading
+Widely expressed in human tissues, SLUG is most notably absent in peripheral blood leukocytes, adult liver, and both fetal and adult brain tissues.<ref name="Inukai_1999" /> SLUG plays a role in breast carcinoma as well as leukemia by downregulation of E-cadherin, which supports mesenchymal phenotype by shifting expression from a Type I to Type II cadherin profile.<ref name="Inukai_1999" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kalluri R, Weinberg RA | title = The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition | language = en | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 119 | issue = 6 | pages = 1420–8 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19487818 | doi = 10.1172/jci39104 | pmc=2689101}}</ref> Maintenance of mesenchymal phenotype enables metastasis of tumor cells, though SLUG is expressed in carcinomas regardless to invasiveness.<ref name="Nieto_2002" /><ref name="Carlson_2013" /><ref name="Inukai_1999" /> A knockout model using chick embryos has also showed inhibition of mesodermal and neural crest delamination; chick embryo Slug gain of function appears to increase neural crest production.<ref name="Nieto_2002" /> Mutations in Slug are associated with loss of pregnancy during gastrulation in some animals.<ref name="Nieto_2002" />
-| citations =
-*{{cite journal  | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=  }}
+== Interactions ==
-*{{cite journal  | author=Savagner P, Yamada KM, Thiery JP |title=The zinc-finger protein slug causes desmosome dissociation, an initial and necessary step for growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=137 |issue= 6 |pages= 1403-19 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9182671 |doi=  }}
+BMPs precede expression of SLUG, and are suspected as the immediate upstream inducers of gene expression.<ref name="Carlson_2013" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sakai D, Wakamatsu Y | title = Regulatory mechanisms for neural crest formation | journal = Cells, Tissues, Organs | volume = 179 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 24–35 | pmid = 15942190 | doi = 10.1159/000084506 | url = http://www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000084506 | year=2005}}</ref>
-*{{cite journal  | author=Rhim H, Savagner P, Thibaudeau G, ''et al.'' |title=Localization of a neural crest transcription factor, Slug, to mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 8. |journal=Mamm. Genome |volume=8 |issue= 11 |pages= 872-3 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9337409 |doi=  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=  }}
+== References ==
-*{{cite journal  | author=Cohen ME, Yin M, Paznekas WA, ''et al.'' |title=Human SLUG gene organization, expression, and chromosome map location on 8q. |journal=Genomics |volume=51 |issue= 3 |pages= 468-71 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9721220 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1998.5367 }}
+{{reflist|33em}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Stegmann K, Boecker J, Kosan C, ''et al.'' |title=Human transcription factor SLUG: mutation analysis in patients with neural tube defects and identification of a missense mutation (D119E) in the Slug subfamily-defining region. |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=406 |issue= 2-4 |pages= 63-9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10479723 |doi=  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, ''et al.'' |title=SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein. |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=4 |issue= 3 |pages= 343-52 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10518215 |doi=  }}
+== Further reading ==
-*{{cite journal  | author=Hemavathy K, Guru SC, Harris J, ''et al.'' |title=Human Slug is a repressor that localizes to sites of active transcription. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 14 |pages= 5087-95 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10866665 |doi=  }}
+{{refbegin|33em}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Hajra KM, Chen DY, Fearon ER |title=The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=62 |issue= 6 |pages= 1613-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11912130 |doi=  }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 171–4 | date = January 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Sánchez-Martín M, Rodríguez-García A, Pérez-Losada J, ''et al.'' |title=SLUG (SNAI2) deletions in patients with Waardenburg disease. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=11 |issue= 25 |pages= 3231-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12444107 |doi=  }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Savagner P, Yamada KM, Thiery JP | title = The zinc-finger protein slug causes desmosome dissociation, an initial and necessary step for growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 137 | issue = 6 | pages = 1403–19 | date = June 1997 | pmid = 9182671 | pmc = 2132541 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.137.6.1403 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 149–56 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Kajita M, McClinic KN, Wade PA |title=Aberrant expression of the transcription factors snail and slug alters the response to genotoxic stress. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 17 |pages= 7559-66 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15314165 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.24.17.7559-7566.2004 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Stegmann K, Boecker J, Kosan C, Ermert A, Kunz J, Koch MC | title = Human transcription factor SLUG: mutation analysis in patients with neural tube defects and identification of a missense mutation (D119E) in the Slug subfamily-defining region | journal = Mutation Research | volume = 406 | issue = 2-4 | pages = 63–9 | date = August 1999 | pmid = 10479723 | doi = 10.1016/S1383-5726(99)00002-3 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Catalano A, Rodilossi S, Rippo MR, ''et al.'' |title=Induction of stem cell factor/c-Kit/slug signal transduction in multidrug-resistant malignant mesothelioma cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 45 |pages= 46706-14 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15337769 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M406696200 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, Goi K, Shinjyo T, Ozawa K, Mao M, Inaba T, Look AT | title = SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 343–52 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10518215 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80336-6 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hemavathy K, Guru SC, Harris J, Chen JD, Ip YT | title = Human Slug is a repressor that localizes to sites of active transcription | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 14 | pages = 5087–95 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10866665 | pmc = 85958 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.14.5087-5095.2000 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Uchikado Y, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, ''et al.'' |title=Slug Expression in the E-cadherin preserved tumors is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 1174-80 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15709186 |doi=  }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hajra KM, Chen DY, Fearon ER | title = The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 62 | issue = 6 | pages = 1613–8 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11912130 | doi =  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Tripathi MK, Misra S, Khedkar SV, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of BRCA2 gene expression by the SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 17 |pages= 17163-71 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15734731 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M501375200 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sánchez-Martín M, Rodríguez-García A, Pérez-Losada J, Sagrera A, Read AP, Sánchez-García I | title = SLUG (SNAI2) deletions in patients with Waardenburg disease | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 11 | issue = 25 | pages = 3231–6 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12444107 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/11.25.3231 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Tripathi MK, Misra S, Chaudhuri G |title=Negative regulation of the expressions of cytokeratins 8 and 19 by SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=329 |issue= 2 |pages= 508-15 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15737616 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.006 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kajita M, McClinic KN, Wade PA | title = Aberrant expression of the transcription factors snail and slug alters the response to genotoxic stress | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 24 | issue = 17 | pages = 7559–66 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15314165 | pmc = 506998 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.24.17.7559-7566.2004 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Moody SE, Perez D, Pan TC, ''et al.'' |title=The transcriptional repressor Snail promotes mammary tumor recurrence. |journal=Cancer Cell |volume=8 |issue= 3 |pages= 197-209 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16169465 |doi= 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.07.009 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Catalano A, Rodilossi S, Rippo MR, Caprari P, Procopio A | title = Induction of stem cell factor/c-Kit/slug signal transduction in multidrug-resistant malignant mesothelioma cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 45 | pages = 46706–14 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15337769 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M406696200 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Chen M, Chen LM, Chai KX |title=Androgen regulation of prostasin gene expression is mediated by sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins and SLUG. |journal=Prostate |volume=66 |issue= 9 |pages= 911-20 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16541421 |doi= 10.1002/pros.20325 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Uchikado Y, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, Setoyama T, Matsumoto M, Ishigami S, Aikou T | title = Slug Expression in the E-cadherin preserved tumors is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 1174–80 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15709186 | doi =  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Turner FE, Broad S, Khanim FL, ''et al.'' |title=Slug regulates integrin expression and cell proliferation in human epidermal keratinocytes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 30 |pages= 21321-31 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16707493 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M509731200 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tripathi MK, Misra S, Khedkar SV, Hamilton N, Irvin-Wilson C, Sharan C, Sealy L, Chaudhuri G | title = Regulation of BRCA2 gene expression by the SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 17 | pages = 17163–71 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15734731 | pmc = 3092429 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M501375200 }}
-}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tripathi MK, Misra S, Chaudhuri G | title = Negative regulation of the expressions of cytokeratins 8 and 19 by SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 329 | issue = 2 | pages = 508–15 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15737616 | pmc = 3086003 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.006 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Moody SE, Perez D, Pan TC, Sarkisian CJ, Portocarrero CP, Sterner CJ, Notorfrancesco KL, Cardiff RD, Chodosh LA | title = The transcriptional repressor Snail promotes mammary tumor recurrence | journal = Cancer Cell | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 197–209 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16169465 | doi = 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.07.009 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen M, Chen LM, Chai KX | title = Androgen regulation of prostasin gene expression is mediated by sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins and SLUG | journal = The Prostate | volume = 66 | issue = 9 | pages = 911–20 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16541421 | doi = 10.1002/pros.20325 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Turner FE, Broad S, Khanim FL, Jeanes A, Talma S, Hughes S, Tselepis C, Hotchin NA | title = Slug regulates integrin expression and cell proliferation in human epidermal keratinocytes | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 281 | issue = 30 | pages = 21321–31 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16707493 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M509731200 }}
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SNAI2: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 02:01, 27 October 2017

Contents

Function

Function

Clinical significance

Interactions

References

Further reading

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