Riedel's thyroiditis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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*The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations. | *The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations. | ||
==Associated Conditions== | ==Associated Conditions== | ||
Riedel's thyroiditis is associated various other autoimmune conditions including:<ref name="pmid8120524">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zimmermann-Belsing T, Feldt-Rasmussen U |title=Riedel's thyroiditis: an autoimmune or primary fibrotic disease? |journal=J. Intern. Med. |volume=235 |issue=3 |pages=271–4 |year=1994 |pmid=8120524 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4413980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drury MI, Sweeney EC, Heffernan SJ |title=Invasive fibrous (Riedel's) thyroiditis |journal=Ir Med J |volume=67 |issue=14 |pages=388–90 |year=1974 |pmid=4413980 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlChronic thyroiditis: A case showing features of both riedels and hashimotos thyroiditis - Merrington - 1948 - British Journal of Surgery - Wiley Online Library">{{cite web |url=+http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18003514015 |title=Chronic thyroiditis: A case showing features of both riedel's and hashimoto's thyroiditis - Merrington - 1948 - British Journal of Surgery - Wiley Online Library |format= |work= |accessdate=}}<ref name="Invasive Fibrous (Riedel's) Thyroiditis">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hines RC, Scheuermann HA, Royster HP |title=Invasive Fibrous (Riedel's) Thyroiditis With Bilateral Fibrous Parotitis.|journal=JAMA|pages=869-871 |year=1970 |doi=10.1001/jama.1970.03170310147054 |url=http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/355936}}</ref> | |||
*Graves’ disease | |||
*Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | |||
*Addison’s disease | |||
*Pernicious anemia | |||
*Type 1 diabetes | |||
==Microscopic Pathology== | ==Microscopic Pathology== | ||
Revision as of 17:30, 10 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of Riedel's thyroiditis is not fully understood. The presence of thyroid autoantibodies and lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid gland resembling that of Hashimoto's thyroiditis might indicate an autoimmune etiology. It is considered that the infiltrating lymphocytes release cytokines which are responsible for the activation of fibroblasts responsible for the fibrosis.[1] Riedel's thyroiditis is characterized by a replacement of the normal thyroid parenchyma by a dense fibrosis that invades adjacent structures of the neck and extends beyond the thyroid capsule.[2] This makes the thyroid gland stone-hard and fixed to adjacent structures. A shared mechanism with retroperitoneal fibrosis and sclerosing cholangitis has been suggested.[3]
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathogenesis of Riedel's thyroiditis is not fully understood. The presence of thyroid autoantibodies and lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid gland resembling that of Hashimoto's thyroiditis might indicate an autoimmune etiology.
- It is considered that the infiltrating lymphocytes release cytokines which are responsible for the activation of fibroblasts responsible for the fibrosis.[1]
- Riedel's thyroiditis is characterized by a replacement of the normal thyroid parenchyma by a dense fibrosis that invades adjacent structures of the neck and extends beyond the thyroid capsule.This makes the thyroid gland stone-hard and fixed to adjacent structures.[2]
- A shared mechanism with retroperitoneal fibrosis and sclerosing cholangitis is also suggested.[3]
Genetics
- [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
- The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
Associated Conditions
Riedel's thyroiditis is associated various other autoimmune conditions including:[1][4]
- Graves’ disease
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Addison’s disease
- Pernicious anemia
- Type 1 diabetes
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, destruction of thyroid follicle by inflammatory cells and fibrous tissues and invasion of surrounding structures are characteristic findings of Riedel's thyroiditis.The inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils are present in a dense matrix of hyalinized connective tissue.[5][6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Zimmermann-Belsing T, Feldt-Rasmussen U (1994). "Riedel's thyroiditis: an autoimmune or primary fibrotic disease?". J. Intern. Med. 235 (3): 271–4. PMID 8120524.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cho MH, Kim CS, Park JS; et al. (2007). "Riedel's thyroiditis in a patient with recurrent subacute thyroiditis: a case report and review of the literature". Endocr. J. 54 (4): 559–62. PMID 17603227. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Boer WA (1993). "Riedel's thyroiditis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and sclerosing cholangitis: diseases with one pathogenesis?". Gut. 34 (5): 714. PMC 1374200. PMID 8504980. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Drury MI, Sweeney EC, Heffernan SJ (1974). "Invasive fibrous (Riedel's) thyroiditis". Ir Med J. 67 (14): 388–90. PMID 4413980.
- ↑ "Redirecting".
- ↑ Papi G, LiVolsi VA (2004). "Current concepts on Riedel thyroiditis". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 121 Suppl: S50–63. PMID 15298150.